
gemstone
Tumbled amethyst with quartz and likely agate inclusions
Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂), with included/mixed quartz; crystalline variety of quartz
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness 7; purple, gray, and translucent brown-black zones with vitreous luster. Trigonal quartz structure; no prominent cleavage, conchoidal fracture; polished/tumbled surface obscures natural crystal form.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness 7; purple, gray, and translucent brown-black zones with vitreous luster. Trigonal quartz structure; no prominent cleavage, conchoidal fracture; polished/tumbled surface obscures natural crystal form.
Formation & geological history
Forms when iron-bearing quartz in volcanic cavities is irradiated and heated during hydrothermal activity, commonly alongside gray or milky quartz and agate. Most specimens formed in Mesozoic-to-Cenozoic volcanic regions, though exact age is unknown.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, inexpensive cabochon, jewelry component, and mineral-collection specimen; tumbled pieces have modest decorative value.
Geological facts
The purple color comes mainly from irradiation-related defects involving iron impurities. Heating can turn amethyst yellow or orange, producing citrine-like material.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its glassy luster, hardness, purple quartz color, and lack of cleavage; it should scratch glass but not be scratched by a steel knife. Common sources include Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, Mexico, and the United States.
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