
mineral
Tumbled brown jasper (probable picture jasper or brecciated jasper)
Microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony, SiO₂, with iron-oxide and other mineral inclusions
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectOpaque, rounded and polished; dark brown to olive-brown with cream mottling, vitreous-to-waxy luster, and no visible cleavage. Mohs hardness 6.5–7; specific gravity about 2.6.
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Physical properties
Opaque, rounded and polished; dark brown to olive-brown with cream mottling, vitreous-to-waxy luster, and no visible cleavage. Mohs hardness 6.5–7; specific gravity about 2.6.
Formation & geological history
Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities or replaces volcanic and sedimentary material, with iron oxides producing the brown coloration. Deposits are generally Precambrian to Cenozoic in age, depending on locality.
Uses & applications
Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, tumbling stones, ornaments, and small decorative objects; it has little industrial value compared with quartz aggregate.
Geological facts
Jasper is an opaque variety of chalcedony distinguished from agate by its lack of translucency. Patterns and colors vary widely because of included hematite, goethite, clay, or volcanic material.
Field identification & locations
Identify it by its opaque appearance, fine-grained texture, hardness, and inability to scratch with a steel knife; quartz or feldspar glass should not scratch it. Common sources include the western United States, Madagascar, Brazil, India, and Australia.
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