gemstone

Tumbled carnelian (likely dyed chalcedony)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; chalcedony variety, orange-red coloration from iron oxides

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Mohs hardness 6.5–7; translucent honey-orange to reddish-brown with darker internal veins, waxy-to-glassy luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and no visible cleavage. The rounded shape indicates tumbling and polishing.

Identified September 15, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures, later developing iron staining during diagenesis or weathering; deposits range from Cenozoic to older volcanic-hosted occurrences. The specimen is human-processed by tumbling.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, ornaments, and inexpensive jewelry; attractive patterned pieces are collectible but generally modestly priced.

Geological facts

Carnelian is a traditional variety of red-orange chalcedony, closely related to sard; its color can be enhanced by heating or dyeing. Internal fractures and banding are common in tumbled material.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its orange-red translucent body, waxy polish, very fine texture, and ability to scratch glass; quartzite or glass imitations may look similar. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and the United States.