gemstone

Tumbled carnelian (likely)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), orange-brown variety

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent orange to brown with a smooth, glassy/waxy luster and no visible cleavage. Its rounded shape and polish indicate a tumbled specimen; color may be enhanced by heating or dyeing.

Identified September 17, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures, depositing chalcedony, commonly in volcanic rocks; much material is Cenozoic to older. Major sources include Brazil, India, Uruguay, Madagascar, and the United States.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, ornaments, and lapidary collections; historically used for seals and amulets.

Geological facts

Carnelian is a cryptocrystalline quartz variety whose orange color mainly comes from iron impurities. It is closely related to sard, which is typically darker brown-red.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its orange translucency, waxy polish, quartz-like hardness, and absence of cleavage; a steel file should not easily scratch it. Exact identification is uncertain from the image alone and could include orange jasper or dyed chalcedony.