gemstone

Tumbled carnelian (likely)

Carnelian, a chalcedony variety of microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), colored mainly by iron oxides

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent orange-brown to reddish color with a waxy/glassy luster, no visible cleavage, and cryptocrystalline structure. The smoothly rounded surface indicates tumbling and polishing.

Identified August 15, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities or fractures, with iron impurities producing the warm coloration; deposits range from ancient volcanic-hosted veins to younger alluvial gravels. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and parts of the United States.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, ornaments, and inexpensive jewelry; historically used for seals and amulets.

Geological facts

Carnelian is technically orange-red chalcedony, not a separate mineral species. Heat treatment can intensify or redden its color.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its orange-brown translucent body, waxy polish, lack of cleavage, and quartz hardness; it should resist scratching by a steel knife but not by quartz. The image cannot exclude orange agate or dyed chalcedony.