gemstone

Tumbled carnelian (likely)

Cryptocrystalline quartz, SiO₂; orange chalcedony colored mainly by iron oxides

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically Mohs hardness 6.5–7, translucent orange to reddish-brown, with waxy to vitreous luster and no visible cleavage. The rounded, polished surface and internal color variation are consistent with tumbled chalcedony; the small image limits certainty.

Identified August 28, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures, later developing microscopic quartz fibers and iron staining; deposits range from Paleozoic to Cenozoic in age. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and parts of the United States.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, ornaments, and lapidary practice; historically used for seals and amulets. Common tumbled pieces have modest value.

Geological facts

Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony rather than a separate mineral species. Heating can intensify its orange-red color by converting iron compounds to hematite.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by its orange-red translucent body, waxy luster, hardness, and absence of cleavage; quartz will scratch glass, though testing may damage the polish. Value is typically about $2–$15 for a small tumbled stone, or $20–$100+ for attractive larger pieces.