gemstone

Tumbled carnelian (orange chalcedony)

Carnelian, a variety of microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂; chalcedony)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Orange-brown, translucent to opaque, with a glossy polish and no visible crystals; Mohs hardness 6.5–7, specific gravity about 2.6. Quartz has a trigonal crystal system, but chalcedony occurs as very fine intergrowths; cleavage is absent.

Identified September 25, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Silica-rich fluids deposited chalcedony in rock cavities and fractures; iron impurities give it its orange-red color. Such deposits occur in many ages and geological settings.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, and ornamental objects; historically valued for seals and jewelry.

Geological facts

Carnelian has been used in jewelry since antiquity and was prized in ancient Egypt and Rome.

Field identification & locations

The smooth, rounded shape indicates tumbling; the warm orange color and waxy-to-glassy luster are typical. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, and Madagascar; a definitive identification may require testing.