gemstone
Tumbled carnelian
Chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz), SiO₂
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness 6.5–7; translucent orange-red to reddish brown, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and no visible cleavage. The smooth rounded shape indicates mechanical tumbling and polishing.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness 6.5–7; translucent orange-red to reddish brown, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and no visible cleavage. The smooth rounded shape indicates mechanical tumbling and polishing.
Formation & geological history
Carnelian forms when iron impurities color chalcedony in silica-rich volcanic cavities or sedimentary veins; deposits are mostly Cenozoic to older, with age depending on locality.
Uses & applications
Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, ornaments, and inexpensive jewelry; polished tumbled stones are common lapidary products.
Geological facts
Its color comes mainly from dispersed iron oxides or hydroxides; heating can intensify the red-orange color, and some commercial material may be dyed.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its orange-red translucent body, fine texture, lack of cleavage, and ability to scratch glass; common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and Namibia. Exact identification is uncertain from the image alone.
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