gemstone

Tumbled orange chalcedony, likely carnelian

Carnelian (orange microcrystalline quartz), SiO₂

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent orange to reddish-orange, vitreous to waxy luster, cryptocrystalline quartz with no visible cleavage and conchoidal fracture. The smooth rounded surface indicates machine tumbling and polishing.

Identified September 16, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures, with iron oxides producing the orange color; deposits range from ancient volcanic-hosted settings to younger sedimentary veins. The exact age and locality cannot be determined from the image.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, ornamental objects, and inexpensive jewelry; polished specimens are commonly sold in small collections.

Geological facts

Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony, distinguished from red jasper by greater translucency and from orange calcite by its much higher hardness. Heating can intensify or redden its color.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by its even orange color, translucency at the edges, glassy/waxy surface, and inability to scratch it with a fingernail or copper coin; a steel file should not easily scratch it. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and Germany.