metamorphic
Tumbled serpentine (likely bowenite/antigorite)
Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite or lizardite; commonly Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTypically olive-green to yellow-green, waxy or greasy luster, Mohs hardness 2.5–4, massive rather than visibly crystalline, with poor cleavage and specific gravity about 2.5–2.6. The smooth rounded surface indicates tumbling or polishing;…
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Physical properties
Typically olive-green to yellow-green, waxy or greasy luster, Mohs hardness 2.5–4, massive rather than visibly crystalline, with poor cleavage and specific gravity about 2.5–2.6. The smooth rounded surface indicates tumbling or polishing; dark veins and yellow translucent areas are characteristic of serpentine varieties.
Formation & geological history
Forms when ultramafic rocks such as peridotite undergo low-temperature hydrothermal alteration and hydration, commonly during plate-subduction processes. Most specimens are geologically Paleozoic to Mesozoic or younger, depending on locality.
Uses & applications
Used as ornamental stone, carvings, cabochons, beads, and inexpensive jewelry; massive serpentine has also been used historically for decorative stone. Fibrous chrysotile varieties were formerly used as asbestos but are hazardous when dust-producing.
Geological facts
Serpentine is a mineral group, not a single mineral, and its name refers to its snake-like coloring and patterning. Yellow areas may be iron-rich serpentine or associated magnesite/talc.
Field identification & locations
Identify it by its low hardness, waxy feel, green-yellow color, rounded alteration veins, and inability to scratch glass reliably. Common sources include California, Italy, New Zealand, Canada, Russia, and Zimbabwe.
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