gemstone

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Usually opaque blue to blue-green with a waxy to subvitreous luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, triclinic structure, no prominent cleavage, and specific gravity about 2.6–2.9. The vivid cyan color and smooth rounded shape indicate a polished or tumbled specimen, possibly stabilized or dyed.

Identified September 3, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in arid, copper-rich weathering zones, commonly replacing host rock in fractures and cavities. Deposits are generally geologically young relative to their host rocks, often Cenozoic or older weathering profiles.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, and ornamental objects; historically important in jewelry and cultural artifacts. Lower-grade material is often stabilized with resin to improve durability.

Geological facts

Natural turquoise commonly shows brown, gray, or black matrix veining, though matrix-free blue material is highly prized. Similar-looking dyed howlite or magnesite is common in inexpensive jewelry.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opaque cyan color, relatively low hardness, waxy feel, and lack of glassy transparency; avoid destructive testing because treatments are possible. Major sources include Iran, Arizona and Nevada, China, Mexico, and Chile.