gemstone

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque blue-green, waxy to subvitreous luster, typically massive rather than visibly crystalline; Mohs hardness 5–6, specific gravity about 2.6–2.9. The specimen appears polished/tumbled, with a pale matrix vein and possible stabilization or dye treatment.

Identified September 18, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in arid regions as a secondary mineral in aluminum- and copper-rich, oxidized deposits, commonly replacing host rock. Most deposits are Cenozoic to younger, though turquoise occurrences span broad geological ages.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, and ornamental objects; historically important in jewelry and ceremonial art. Lower-grade material is often stabilized with resin to improve durability.

Geological facts

Natural turquoise ranges from sky blue to green depending largely on copper, iron, and zinc content. “Turquoise” sold commercially may include reconstituted powder, dyed magnesite, or dyed howlite.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opaque blue-green color, relatively low hardness, waxy appearance, and often irregular brown or gray matrix; it should not scratch glass reliably. Common sources include Iran, the southwestern United States, China, Egypt, and Mexico.