Rock Identifier
Turquoise bead bracelet (Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O) — gemstone
gemstone

Turquoise bead bracelet

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Blue to blue-green, typically opaque with waxy-to-subvitreous luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, triclinic structure, poor cleavage, and specific gravity about 2.6–2.9. The beads appear polished and may include matrix, stabilization, dye, or imitation material.

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Physical properties

Blue to blue-green, typically opaque with waxy-to-subvitreous luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, triclinic structure, poor cleavage, and specific gravity about 2.6–2.9. The beads appear polished and may include matrix, stabilization, dye, or imitation material.

Formation & geological history

Turquoise forms as a secondary mineral in arid, oxidized copper deposits, commonly replacing aluminous rock; deposits are generally Cenozoic to older, depending on locality. Major sources include Iran, the southwestern United States, Mexico, China, and Egypt.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in jewelry, carvings, beads, and ornaments; exceptionally fine natural turquoise is collectible. Stabilized or reconstructed turquoise is common in commercial jewelry.

Geological facts

Natural turquoise commonly shows brown, gray, or black host-rock matrix and can vary from sky blue to green. Copper produces the blue coloration, while iron and zinc commonly shift it toward green.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by its opaque blue-green color, relatively low hardness, waxy surface, and density; a plastic-like lightness or perfectly uniform color suggests imitation. Individual bead quality and treatment strongly affect value.