gemstone

Turquoise cabochon

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Blue-green, opaque, waxy to dull luster, commonly matrix-veined; Mohs hardness 5–6, specific gravity about 2.6–2.9. The rounded polished cabochon shows pale turquoise with dark brown/gray host-matrix markings.

Identified September 10, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in arid, copper-rich, aluminum- and phosphate-bearing rocks through groundwater alteration, commonly during the Cenozoic. Important deposits occur in Iran, the southwestern United States, China, Chile, and Mexico.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in cabochon jewelry, inlay, carvings, and ornaments; lower-grade material is sometimes stabilized with resin or dyed. It is not generally used as a construction stone.

Geological facts

Natural turquoise often has irregular matrix patterns, while stabilized turquoise is resin-treated to improve durability. Similar-looking materials include dyed howlite or magnesite and synthetic turquoise.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opaque blue-green color, relatively low hardness, waxy surface, and matrix; avoid scratching finished pieces. The pictured specimen appears mounted or displayed on a manufactured pink object, but the inset stone itself is geological material.