mineral

Turquoise fragment

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically opaque sky-blue to green-blue with a waxy-to-subvitreous luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, cryptocrystalline structure, no prominent cleavage, and specific gravity about 2.6–2.9. The pictured tiny bright-blue fragment is consistent with turquoise, though image quality prevents certainty and dyed howlite or another b…

Identified August 14, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in arid, oxidized copper deposits when phosphate-bearing groundwater alters aluminum-rich rock. It is generally young in geological terms, commonly forming during Cenozoic weathering.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, and ornamental inlay; historically valued in jewelry and ceremonial objects. Lower-grade material may be stabilized with resin or dyed.

Geological facts

Natural turquoise commonly shows brown or black limonite matrix and can fade or discolor with chemicals, oils, and prolonged heat.

Field identification & locations

Common sources include Iran, the southwestern United States, China, Chile, and Mexico. Field clues are its opaque blue-green color, moderate softness, and white streak; hardness and chemical tests should be performed cautiously.