gemstone
Turquoise in Matrix
CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O
Hardness of 5-6 on the Mohs scale; color ranges from sky blue to green-blue with dark brown or black webbed matrix veins; luster is waxy to sub-vitreous; crystal system is triclinic.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 5-6 on the Mohs scale; color ranges from sky blue to green-blue with dark brown or black webbed matrix veins; luster is waxy to sub-vitreous; crystal system is triclinic.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the chemical action of percolating acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing copper-bearing minerals and aluminum-rich rocks, typically in arid environments.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a gemstone in jewelry-making, inlay, and ornamental carvings.
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the world's most ancient gem materials, prized by the ancient Egyptians, Native Americans, and Persians for its protective amulets and ornaments.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its distinctive robin's egg blue color combined with host rock (matrix) webbing; commonly found in the southwestern United States, Iran, China, and Sinai.
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