
metamorphic
Weathered greenish-brown rock, likely serpentinized ultramafic rock
Serpentinite; chiefly serpentine-group minerals (Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), possibly with olivine, pyroxene, magnetite, or carbonate
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTypically dark green to brown, mottled, and waxy to dull; hardness about 2.5–4 Mohs, uneven fracture, and variable density. The specimen appears fine-grained and weathered, but image-based identification is tentative.
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Physical properties
Typically dark green to brown, mottled, and waxy to dull; hardness about 2.5–4 Mohs, uneven fracture, and variable density. The specimen appears fine-grained and weathered, but image-based identification is tentative.
Formation & geological history
Forms when mantle-derived peridotite is hydrated and altered by low-temperature metamorphism, commonly along oceanic crust and tectonic plate boundaries. Serpentinite may range from Paleozoic to modern tectonic settings.
Uses & applications
Used as ornamental stone, carvings, landscaping material, and occasionally dimension stone; associated chromite and nickel deposits can have industrial importance.
Geological facts
Serpentinite commonly contains magnetite, making some pieces weakly magnetic. Its green color and slick or waxy surfaces distinguish it from many ordinary sedimentary rocks.
Field identification & locations
Look for a green mottled color, unusually smooth or soapy feel, low hardness, and possible magnetism; confirm with a streak, hardness, and mineralogical test. Common in ophiolite belts and subduction zones worldwide.
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