
mineral
Weathered iron-rich rock, likely limonite/goethite-bearing material
Limonite (hydrated iron oxides; commonly goethite, FeO(OH), with hematite and clay)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectBrown-yellow, earthy to dull luster, porous and strongly weathered; hardness about 4–5.5, no obvious cleavage, and typically high specific gravity (approximately 3–4.3).
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Physical properties
Brown-yellow, earthy to dull luster, porous and strongly weathered; hardness about 4–5.5, no obvious cleavage, and typically high specific gravity (approximately 3–4.3).
Formation & geological history
Forms through oxidation and hydration of iron-bearing minerals, commonly as a weathering crust, gossan, or soil-concretion material. Its exact geological age cannot be determined from the image.
Uses & applications
Used historically as an iron ore and natural yellow-brown pigment; attractive botryoidal or crystallized goethite specimens may be collected, but this rough piece has little commercial value.
Geological facts
“Limonite” is a field term rather than a single precisely defined mineral, because it is a mixture of hydrated iron oxides. Yellow streaks and rusty surfaces commonly indicate oxidized sulfide or iron deposits.
Field identification & locations
Likely identification is supported by the rusty ochre color, porous texture, and heavy-looking appearance; test its yellow-brown streak and compare density. Common in oxidized ore zones worldwide, including Australia, Brazil, India, and the western United States.
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