Rock Identifier
Weathered iron-rich rock, likely limonite/goethite-bearing material (Limonite (hydrated iron oxides; commonly goethite, FeO(OH), with hematite and clay)) — mineral
mineral

Weathered iron-rich rock, likely limonite/goethite-bearing material

Limonite (hydrated iron oxides; commonly goethite, FeO(OH), with hematite and clay)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Brown-yellow, earthy to dull luster, porous and strongly weathered; hardness about 4–5.5, no obvious cleavage, and typically high specific gravity (approximately 3–4.3).

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Physical properties

Brown-yellow, earthy to dull luster, porous and strongly weathered; hardness about 4–5.5, no obvious cleavage, and typically high specific gravity (approximately 3–4.3).

Formation & geological history

Forms through oxidation and hydration of iron-bearing minerals, commonly as a weathering crust, gossan, or soil-concretion material. Its exact geological age cannot be determined from the image.

Uses & applications

Used historically as an iron ore and natural yellow-brown pigment; attractive botryoidal or crystallized goethite specimens may be collected, but this rough piece has little commercial value.

Geological facts

“Limonite” is a field term rather than a single precisely defined mineral, because it is a mixture of hydrated iron oxides. Yellow streaks and rusty surfaces commonly indicate oxidized sulfide or iron deposits.

Field identification & locations

Likely identification is supported by the rusty ochre color, porous texture, and heavy-looking appearance; test its yellow-brown streak and compare density. Common in oxidized ore zones worldwide, including Australia, Brazil, India, and the western United States.