gemstone
Yellow Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, yellow to orange-yellow color due to trace amounts of iron, vitreous to adamantine luster, trigonal crystal system, lacks cleavage with conchoidal fracture, specific gravity around 3.98-4.10
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, yellow to orange-yellow color due to trace amounts of iron, vitreous to adamantine luster, trigonal crystal system, lacks cleavage with conchoidal fracture, specific gravity around 3.98-4.10
Formation & geological history
Formed in metamorphic or igneous rocks such as marble, pegmatites, and basaltic alluvial deposits through high-temperature and high-pressure crystallization over millions of years
Uses & applications
Used primarily in fine jewelry, luxury watches, and industrial applications due to its extreme hardness and durability
Geological facts
Sapphires belong to the corundum mineral species; while blue is the most famous variety, yellow sapphires are highly prized in Vedic astrology and as diamond alternatives
Field identification & locations
Identified by its exceptional hardness, high specific gravity, and lack of cleavage; commonly found in countries like Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Australia, and Tanzania
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