gemstone

Yellow Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3:Fe)

Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, yellow to yellowish-orange color, subadamantine to vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, no true cleavage (exhibits parting), specific gravity around 3.98-4.10.

Identified August 3, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, yellow to yellowish-orange color, subadamantine to vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, no true cleavage (exhibits parting), specific gravity around 3.98-4.10.

Formation & geological history

Formed in metamorphic or igneous environments, particularly in aluminum-rich and silica-deficient rocks such as marble, pegmatites, and basaltic alluvial deposits, often dating from the Precambrian to Cenozoic eras.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in fine jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings) and occasionally in industrial applications due to its extreme hardness, such as watch crystals and scientific instruments.

Geological facts

Yellow sapphires are colored by trace amounts of iron. In Vedic astrology, they are known as 'Pukhraj' and are associated with the planet Jupiter, believed to bring prosperity and wisdom.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its high density, excellent hardness, conchoidal to uneven fracture, and distinct crystal habit or rolled alluvial pebble shape. Commonly found in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Thailand, and Australia.