gemstone

Yellow Topaz (Imperial/Golden Topaz)

Topaz - Al2SiO4(F,OH)2

Hardness: 8 on the Mohs scale. Color: Pale yellow to golden-orange. Luster: Vitreous (glass-like). Crystal system: Orthorhombic, showing a characteristic prismatic habit with vertical striations and a pyramidal termination. Cleavage: Perfect basal cleavage.

Hardness: 8 on the Mohs scale
Color: Pale yellow to golden-orange
Luster: Vitreous (glass-like)

Identified July 25, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Topaz typically forms in high-temperature igneous environments, particularly in granite pegmatites and quartz veins, as well as in cavities within rhyolite lavas through fluorine-rich fluid circulation.

Uses & applications

Popular as a gemstone in fine jewelry (rings, pendants) and highly sought after by mineral collectors in its natural crystal form.

Geological facts

Topaz is one of the hardest naturally occurring minerals, defined as the hardness standard for 8 on the Mohs scale. Naturally clear or lightly colored crystals are sometimes irradiated or heat-treated to enhance yellow, orange, or blue tones.

Field identification & locations

Can be identified by its distinctive orthorhombic prismatic crystal form, vertical striations along the prism faces, high hardness (scratches quartz), and high specific gravity (3.49-3.57). Primary global sources include Minas Gerais (Brazil), Pakistan, Russia, and Nigeria.

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