Anthropogenic (Man Made Industrial Byproduct)

Fossilized bivalve shell

Paleozoic–Mesozoic bivalve fossil; commonly classified as Bivalvia indet.

Orange Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Greenish altered rock, possibly serpentinite or chlorite-rich schist

Tentative: serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite/lizardite, or chlorite–actinolite assemblage

Coal

Carbonaceous sedimentary rock

Mixed polished gemstone bead bracelet, likely tourmalinated quartz and rhyolite/jasper

Quartz (SiO₂) with black tourmaline (schorl, NaFe₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄) and probable feldspar-rich rhyolite/jasper

Iron-stained quartz vein in altered host rock

Quartz (SiO₂) with iron oxides/hydroxides, likely hematite and goethite; host rock uncertain from the image

Red Jasper

Silicon dioxide (Microcrystalline Quartz, SiO2)

Quartz geode fragment (likely amethyst/citrine-bearing)

Microcrystalline and crystalline quartz, SiO₂, with possible iron staining or amethyst coloration

Chalcanthite

Hydrated copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O)

Fossilized bivalve shell fragment

Fossil Mollusca, likely a pectinid or related bivalve; exact identification requires the other shell half and locality

Garnet fragments

Garnet-group silicate, most likely almandine–pyrope or spessartine; composition varies, commonly (Fe,Mg,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂

Mica-bearing granite or pegmatite fragment

Quartz–feldspar rock with mica, likely muscovite; exact identification requires testing

Green Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Mixed small mineral specimens, likely quartz varieties

Uncertain from the image; translucent pieces may be quartz (SiO₂), while golden-brown pieces could be iron-stained quartz or calcite

Blue-gray mineral/rock fragment

Indeterminate; possibly azurite-bearing material, blue chalcedony, or dyed/coated stone

Fossilized leaf or plant impression in shale

Carbonized/impressed plant fossil, likely in fine-grained shale or mudstone; exact taxon indeterminate from the image

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Hydrous Iron Oxide (goethite, lepidocrocite)

Weathered iron-rich rock fragment

Indeterminate; likely limonite/goethite-bearing rock, possibly altered basalt or ironstone

Likely serpentine-rich rock (serpentinite)

Serpentinite, composed mainly of serpentine-group minerals (e.g., lizardite, antigorite, or chrysotile); exact identification is uncertain from the image alone

River Stone (Limestone)

Sedimentary Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Quartz geode fragment

Microcrystalline and drusy quartz, SiO₂, likely in a weathered carbonate or volcanic host

Quartz-rich breccia or silicified rock

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), with iron-oxide staining and possible feldspar/calcite fragments

Chalcedony (Agate Pebble)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Yellow Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Red jasper (likely brecciated jasper)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂, colored mainly by iron oxides

Granite Cobble/Pebble

Granite

Granite

Granite (a common rock type, not a single mineral with a formula. Composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica/amphibole).

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Quartz-veined weathered host rock

Quartz (SiO₂) in a likely altered limestone or metamorphic carbonate host

Fluorite

Calcium fluoride (CaF2)

Quartz vein in iron-stained host rock

Quartz (SiO₂) with limonite/goethite staining, likely in altered basalt or another dark volcanic host

Biotite mica

Biotite, a potassium–iron–magnesium phyllosilicate mica; approximate formula K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(F,OH)₂

Fossil brachiopod or bivalve shell

Likely a fossilized brachiopod; precise genus cannot be determined from the photograph

Granite

Granite (a plutonic rock)

Sulfur

Native Sulfur (S)

Quartzite (Lithic Artifact)

Quartzite (SiO2)

Iron-oxide-stained rock with a pale mineral vein

Likely limonite/goethite-stained quartz-bearing rock; exact identification is uncertain from the image

Weathered iron-rich concretion

Goethite–hematite limonite concretion, likely with quartz and clay minerals

Iron-stained Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Oxide inclusions

Epidote

Epidote (Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)3(SiO4)3(OH))

Bog Iron / Limonite Concretion

Goethite/Limonite mixture (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Sulfur

Native Sulfur (S)