Anthropogenic (Man Made Industrial Deposit)

Slag

Ferrous slag (by-product of iron smelting)

Opalite (a synthetic glass, often confused with Opal)

Silicon dioxide glass (SiO2nH2O, for natural opal)

Fossilized echinoid (sea urchin), likely a sand dollar fragment or small regular urchin

Echinodermata; commonly Clypeasteroida or Echinoida, preserved mainly as calcite (CaCO₃)

Diamond

C (Carbon)

Chert (Yellow Jasper/Flint pebble)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Jade bangle

Likely nephrite jade (actinolite–tremolite amphibole); possibly jadeite

Diamond (in a jewelry setting)

Cubic Carbon (C)

Blue Slag Glass

Ferro-silicate glass (Slag)

Black beaded bracelet, likely black onyx or glass

Possibly chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂); the beads may instead be man-made glass

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Tumbled aqua glassy mineral specimen, likely chrysocolla or turquoise imitation

Uncertain from image; possible chrysocolla (hydrated copper aluminosilicate, variable composition) or dyed/man-made glass

Flint (chert) nodule

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), occurring as a flint/chert nodule in limestone

Corundum (Ruby variety)

Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)

Slag (Industrial Glass/Metal)

Ferrous slag or Glassy silicate byproduct

Coal (Anthracite / Bituminous)

Organic Sedimentary Rock (Carbon-based)

Diamond

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Carved jasper bear figurine

Jasper, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely brecciated or orbicular jasper

Diamond (in jewelry setting)

Adamantine Carbon (C)

Copper-bearing rock, likely native copper in a weathered matrix

Native copper (Cu), tentatively with copper sulfide/oxide minerals

Clear-stone silver-tone teardrop earring

The stones may be colorless quartz or glass; the image does not allow reliable identification. Metal setting appears silver-tone.

Weathered iron-rich rock, possibly jasper or ironstone

Likely limonite/goethite-bearing siliceous rock; exact identification requires hardness and streak tests

Iron-rich vesicular rock, possibly slag or weathered basalt

Identification uncertain; likely ferruginous basalt/ironstone, with possible anthropogenic iron slag

Red Slag Glass (Cullet)

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metallic dopants

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant)

Carbon (C) or Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2)

Pearls (likely freshwater cultured pearls)

Pearl: nacre, primarily aragonite (CaCO₃) with conchiolin

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Chert (and associated river cobbles)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Probable amber fragment

Amber (fossilized plant resin; chiefly amorphous organic resin, commonly dominated by succinite)

Desert Rose (Baryte or Gypsum Rose)

Baryte (BaSO4) or Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O)

Ruby in Matrix

Corundum (Al2O3)

Chert (Yellow Jasper/Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Polished yellow calcite

Calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃)

Red glassy cabochon, likely synthetic ruby or red glass

Uncertain; possible synthetic corundum (Al₂O₃, chromium-colored) or man-made glass

Tumbled opalite (likely synthetic glass)

Opalite; typically man-made opalescent soda-lime glass, not a recognized mineral species

Diamond

Native Carbon (C)

Ferrochrome Slag

Anthropogenic silicate/oxide glass (Complex silicate matrix with Cr-Fe-Si inclusions)

Quartz vein in dark metamorphic rock

Likely quartz-rich vein cutting a biotite- or amphibole-rich metamorphic host; exact host rock cannot be confirmed from the image

Fossil shark tooth in sediment

Likely fossilized shark tooth, possibly *Carcharhinus* or *Otodus*; exact identification requires the tooth’s full morphology and locality

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Chert (Common Variety, Jasper)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Rough Diamond

Diamond (pure Carbon, C)

Faience and Carnelian in Egyptian Revival Jewelry

Faience (quartz frit) and Carnelian (chalcedony, SiO2)