Igneous, Sedimentary, And Metamorphic

Quartz with Muscovite Mica

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Potassium Aluminum Silicate Hydroxide Fluoride (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2)

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite (a variety of the mineral actinolite within the amphibole group); Chemical Formula: Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2

Corundum

Corundum (Aluminium oxide, Al2O3)

sedimentary or metamorphic

Garnetiferous Pegmatite

Pegmatite with Almandine Garnet and Muscovite

igneous

Greenstone / Chert

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2) or Altered Basalt

Quartz (Milky and Smoky variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Gneiss

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Sodalite

Sodalite, Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2

Quartz (possibly milky quartz)

Quartz (Silica; SiO₂)

Mica

Phlogopite or Biotite group (KMg3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 / K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2)

metamorphic or sedimentary

Greenstone / Glauconitic Siltstone

Metabasalt or Glauconite-rich Sedimentary Rock

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

White Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Blue Apatite

Fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F)

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Banded River Cobble with Mafic Dike

Hydrothermally altered Graywacke or Sandstone with Mafic Intrusion

igneous and sedimentary

Hypersthene

Hypersthene ((Mg,Fe)SiO₃)

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Graphite

Graphite (C)

Labradorite

Labradorite (Ca, Na)(Al, Si)4O8

Kyanite

Kyanite (Al2SiO5)

Sedimentary or Metamorphic

Sandstone or Quartzite

Arenite (if sedimentary) / Quartzite (if metamorphic)

Jadeite and Assorted Corundum (Ruby/Sapphire) / Beryl (Emerald)

Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6), Ruby/Sapphire (Al2O3), Emerald (Be3Al2(SiO3)6)

Sodalite

Sodalite (Na4Al3Si3O12Cl)

Hypersthene (or Enstatite/Ferrosilite)

Orthopyroxene series (Mg,Fe)SiO3 - specifically, historically hypersthene (intermediate member) now referred to as Enstatite (Mg-rich) or Ferrosilite (Fe-rich)

Gneiss (specifically a Banded Gneiss pebble)

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Gneiss

Gneiss (Metamorphic rock of variable composition, typically SiO2 rich)

Milky Quartz with Iron Inclusions

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).