Igneous Rock

Granite

Phaneritic plutonic rock (composed of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase)

Garnet (Red Garnet)

Garnet Group. The red varieties seen in jewelry are typically Almandine (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3), Pyrope (Mg3Al2(SiO4)3), or a mix of the two (pyrope-almandine series).

Amethyst

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Granite

Phaneritic plutonic rock (primarily Quartz, Alkali Feldspar, and Plagioclase)

Granite (Pink/Potassium Feldspar Granite)

Felsic Plutonic Rock (Potassium Feldspar, Quartz, Mica, and Amphibole)

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (extrusive volcanic rock with secondary mineral infilling)

Pink Granite

Felsic Plutonic Rock (primarily Quartz, Potassium Feldspar, and Plagioclase)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Gneiss (specifically a granitic gneiss cobble)

Gneiss (high-grade regional metamorphic rock)

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade metamorphic rock typically composed of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica/Amphibole)

Clear Quartz (Crystal Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Gneiss (Metamorphic Rock)

Gneiss

Banded River Rock / Gneiss (highly weathered)

Gneiss

Banded Gneiss (River Cobble)

Gneiss (a high-grade metamorphic rock)

Sodalite (blue beads) and Clear Quartz (clear beads)

Sodalite: Na4Al3Si3O12Cl; Quartz: SiO2

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Gneiss (specifically Biotite Gneiss)

Gneiss (high-grade metamorphic rock primarily composed of Silicates)

Basalt

Basalt

Greenschist (Chlorite Schist)

Greenschist (Metamorphic rock dominated by chlorite, actinolite, and epidote)

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade regional metamorphic rock)

Yellow Quartz (Citrine/Yellow Jasper mix)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Epidote

Epidote (Ca2(Al,Fe)3(SiO4)3(OH))

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of serpentine-group minerals like antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite; chemical formula varies but generally Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)

Red Garnet

Garnet Group (e.g., Pyrope, Almandine, Spessartine, Grossular, Andradite, Uvarovite)

Quartz (likely milky/rose quartz variety)

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Basalt

Basalt

Ruby in Zoisite

Ruby (Corundum, Al2O3) in Zoisite (Calcium aluminum silicate hydroxide, Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)) with some Hornblende

Scoria

Scoria (a vesicular basalt or andesite)

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Quartz (Clear / Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Biotite Mica

Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2)

Amethyst

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide) - a variety of Quartz

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade regional metamorphic rock)

Pyrite in Quartz

Iron Sulfide (FeS2) in Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Druzy Quartz (on Geode Fragment)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO₂)

Pumice

Pumicite (fine-grained pumice), Scoria (similar origin but denser and darker, usually basaltic)

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).

Epidosite (Epidote-rich rock)

Epidosite (consisting primarily of Epidote: {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH))

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Scoria (often called Lava Rock)

Vesicular Basalt / Scoria