Industrial Byproduct (Anthropogenic Rock)

Corundum (Sapphire in Matrix)

Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)

Quartz (Agate/Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Agate

Silicon dioxide (Chalcedony), SiO2

Yellow Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Ruby (Raw Corundum)

Al2O3 (Aluminum Oxide)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 primarily)

Quartz (Milky or Iron-stained)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Native Copper with Malachite/Oxide Coating

Native Copper (Cu)

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant)

Carbon (C) if diamond, various if simulant (e.g., Cubic Zirconia ZrO2)

Orange Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Mixed Mineral Collection (Quartz, Amethyst, Rose Quartz, Pyrite, etc.)

Mixed Silicates and Sulfides (SiO2, FeS2)

Vuggy Quartz / Chert

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Garnet

Garnet Group (Silicate Minerals)

Garnet

Garnet Group (e.g., Almandine Fe3Al2(SiO4)3 or Pyrope Mg3Al2(SiO4)3)

Silver (Morgan Dollar)

Native Silver (Ag) - 90% Silver, 10% Copper alloy

Fossilized Shark Tooth

Carcharodon (Galeocerdo sp. or Lamniform)

Rough Quartz (var. Citrine or Yellow Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Carborundum

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Diamond

Diamond (pure Carbon, C)

Green Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride, CaF2)

Quartz with Iron Stains

Quartz (SiO2) with iron oxide/hydroxide staining

Granite Pebble with Quartz Vein

Granite (Plutonic Igneous Rock) with Quartz (SiO2)

Ruby

Corundum (mineral species), variety: Ruby (Al2O3 with Cr3+ as the chromophore)

Amethyst and Limestone

Amethyst (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide) and Limestone (CaCO3 - Calcium Carbonate)

Tumbled sodalite with white calcite veining

Sodalite, Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2, commonly intergrown with calcite, CaCO3

Probable amber fragment

Amber (fossilized plant resin; chiefly amorphous organic resin, commonly dominated by succinite)

White Quartz Sphere

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Man-made Jewelry Charm (Enameled Metal)

Not a natural mineral; composed of base metal alloy (likely zinc or brass) and epoxy resin/enamel.

Honey-colored chalcedony (possibly yellow/orange agate or carnelian)

Chalcedony, a microcrystalline variety of quartz; SiO₂. The color may result from iron-oxide inclusions. Exact identification is uncertain from a photograph alone.

Muscovite Mica (in Quartz matrix)

Potassium aluminum silicate hydroxide fluoride (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2)

Diamond (Faceted Gemstone)

Native Carbon (C)

Chert / Yellow Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Iron Ore (Hematite/Goethite)

Ironstone (Fe2O3 / FeO(OH))

Red Jasper

Jasper (a variety of Quartz, SiO2)

Synthetic Resin / Plastic Figurine

Synthetic Polymer (Copolymer of Polyethylene or Resin)

Calcite (Yellow/Orange variety - sometimes called Honey Calcite)

Calcite

Quartz Pebble

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon based fossil fuel)

Peridot in Matrix

Olivine ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4)

Yellow Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Diamond

Carbon (C)