Man Made Byproduct (Non Geological)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Green Aventurine

Aventurine (a variety of Quartz, SiO2)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pearl

Organic gemstone (Calcium carbonate - CaCO3)

Quartz with Iron Stains

Quartz (SiO2) with iron oxide/hydroxide staining

Quartz (in matrix)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Quartz Pebble

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Obsidian

Obsidian (volcanic glass)

Blue Apatite

Fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F)

Quartz (likely a macrocrystalline variety like milky quartz or smoky quartz, given the appearance in the image)

Quartz (SiO₂ - Silicon Dioxide)

Granite

Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock type, not a single mineral; main component is Lazurite (Na,Ca)8[(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2|(Al6Si6O24)])

Granite

Felsic Plutonic Rock (primarily SiO2)

Turquoise

Turquoise (Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium), CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2, often with CaCO3 or Fe2O3 cement)

Efflorescence (on Clay Brick)

Crystalline salt deposits (typically Sodium Sulfate Na2SO4, Calcium Carbonate CaCO3, or Potassium Sulfate K2SO4)

Rose Quartz

Rose Quartz (SiO2)

Amethyst

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide) - a variety of Quartz

Sandstone

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Pearl

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) - mainly Aragonite with Conchiolin

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock composed primarily of Lazurite, Sodalite, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Granite

Granitoid

Chert (Jasper variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sandstone

Arenite

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Limestone (specifically Travertine or Tufa)

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Granite

Granite (Phaneritic Quartz-Feldspar Felsic Rock)

Quartz-veined Basalt

Amygdaloidal or Porphyritic Basalt with Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) vein

Limestone Pebble

Sedimentary Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Schist with Biotite and Quartz

Biotite-Quartz Schist (Fe,Mg,Al silicate mix)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO4,Cl)1-2, with varying amounts of Calcite, Pyrite, and Sodalite).

Red Mudstone (Siltstone)

Lutite (primarily Quartz and Clay minerals with Hematite)

Pebble (likely Quartz or Chert)

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide) - referring to the likely main mineral composition, Quartz. If it's chert, the scientific name remains SiO₂ with a microcrystalline structure.

Synthetic Convention Badge (Plastic/PVC)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) / Polycarbonate

Sandstone (likely Graywacke or Arkosic varieties)

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Fossilized Shell in Limestone

Biogenic Limestone (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Calcite

Calcite (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)