Man Made Material (Anthropogenic 'Mineraloid')

Amber

Succinite (approximate formula C10H16O)

Black Pearl (Tahitian or Irradiated Type)

Organic gemstone (Calcium Carbonate with Conchiolin Binding)

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (Primary composition: SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Puddingstone (Jasper Conglomerate)

Conglomerate (specific type: Jasper Conglomerate or Hertfordshire Puddingstone)

Chert (Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Natural White Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite/Calcite) with Conchiolin - CaCO3

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic glass (SiO2 with Hematite or Magnetite inclusions)

Pearl

Organic gemstone (Calcium carbonate - CaCO3)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (typically quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole composition)

Quartz (possibly milky quartz or quartz with inclusions)

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Amber

Succinate (Fossilized Tree Resin)

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic glass containing Hematite or Magnetite (SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Amber

Succinite (fossilized resin)

Amber (with potentially inclusions)

Succinite (Fossilized Tree Resin)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Jade (likely Jadeite or Nephrite)

Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6) or Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

Sandstone

Arenite

Prasiolite and Quartz Crystal Cluster

Quartz (SiO2); Prasiolite is a variety of Quartz

Amber

Succinite (fossilized tree resin)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pearl (Biogenic Mineral)

Calcium Carbonate (primarily Aragonite) with Conchiolin; CaCO3

Quartz (likely milky quartz or a stained variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Chert (often referred to as 'Jasper' when red)

Chert (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂)

Granite

Granite (a felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Diamond

Diamond (pure Carbon, C)

Quartz (likely Milky Quartz or Chalcedony)

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Diamond

Diamond (pure carbon C)

Amethyst Geode/Cluster

Quartz (SiO2) - variety Amethyst

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Slate

Foliated Metamorphic Rock (primarily composed of quartz, illite, and chlorite)

Smoky Quartz Cluster

Smoky Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Fossilized Shell in Limestone

Biogenic Limestone (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Cinnabar in Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Mercury Sulfide (HgS) inclusions

Diamond in Kimberlite

Diamond in Kimberlite Matrix (Diamond: C, Kimberlite: complex Potassic Peridotite)

Diamond (in a jewelry setting)

Cubic Carbon (C)

Sandstone Concretion

Ferruginous Sandstone Concretion (Primarily SiO2 with Iron Oxide cement)

Sandstone (likely a river or beach pebble)

Sandstone (a clastic sedimentary rock)

Basalt with Mineral Vein (Cobble)

Basalt (with likely Quartz/Calcite vein)

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) with Conchiolin

Turquoise

Turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Scoria

Scoria (a vesicular basalt or andesite)