Man Made Material (Jewelry, Metal Alloy)

Cobalt Blue Sea Glass

Amorphous Silica Glass (SiO2 + CoO)

Rutilated Quartz

SiO2 (Quartz) with TiO2 (Rutile inclusions)

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (Quartz/Chalcedony)

Rutilated Quartz

Quartz (SiO2) with Rutile (TiO2) inclusions

Quartz (likely Jasper or Chert variety)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Amber

Amber (Fossilized Tree Resin)

Amber

Fossilized Tree Resin (Amorphous Hydrocarbon)

Azurite-Malachite (often a mixed specimen)

Azurite: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2; Malachite: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2. The specimen appears to be a natural mixture or intergrowth of these two minerals.

Granite Pebble

Granite (a plutonic igneous rock composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica/amphibole)

Schist

Schist (various mineral compositions)

Serpentine

Serpentinite (rock), Serpentine group minerals (e.g., Antigorite, Lizardite, Chrysotile)

Caliche (also known as hardpan, calcrete, kankar)

Primarily composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), often mixed with other minerals like quartz, clay minerals, and iron oxides.

Sandstone (Pebble/Conglomerate fragment)

Sandstone (clastic sedimentary rock)

Granite (tumbled pebble)

Granite (Plutonic Igneous Rock)

Diamond

Diamond (Carbon, C)

Rutilated Quartz

SiO2 with TiO2 inclusions (Rutile)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Jasper (likely a variety of Brecciated Jasper or a patterned variety)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Diamond

Carbon (C), specifically in an isometric crystal system.

Citrine

Quartz (SiO2) - variety Citrine

Chert (varieties include Flint or Jasper)

Chert (cryptocrystalline quartz; SiO₂)

Milky Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Granite

Granite (a felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Red Coral

Corallium rubrum (for precious red coral), although other species like Corallium japonicum and Paracorallium are also used.

Quartz Geode (likely within Limestone or Dolomite matrix)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Yellow Jade (often Serpentine or Dolomite)

Primarily Serpentine (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4) or Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), though the term 'yellow jade' is also sometimes applied to varieties of true nephrite or jadeite.

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂ - Silicon Dioxide)

Marble

Metamorphosed Limestone/Dolomite

Diamond

Diamond (pure carbon, C)

Calcite

Calcite (Mineral, Calcium Carbonate - CaCO3)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (pronounced 'nice')

Ocean Jasper

Orbicular Jasper (variety of Chalcedony - SiO2)

Jade

There are two distinct minerals classified as Jade: Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6) and Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2). Based on the image showing translucent, somewhat fibrous material, it is likely Nephrite.

Quartz with Iron Stains

Quartz (SiO2) with iron oxide/hydroxide staining

Granite

Granite (a plutonic igneous rock)

Chalcedony (Banded/Mottled Variety)

Chalcedony (a cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz, SiO2)

Quartz (Druzy) in host rock

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide) as Quartz, with unspecified host rock components (likely silicates and iron oxides)

Red Jasper (beads)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron inclusions

Pearls

Aragonite (calcium carbonate) and Conchiolin