Man Made Material (Metal)

Amethyst, Aquamarine, and Pearl Ring

SiO2 (Amethyst), Be3Al2Si6O18 (Aquamarine), CaCO3 (Pearl)

Likely smoky quartz cabochon ring

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), probably smoky quartz; visual identification is uncertain because the stone is mounted and reflective

Red Slag Glass (Cullet)

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metallic dopants

Likely iron meteorite fragment

Unclassified Fe–Ni meteorite; possible stony-iron fragment

Asphalt aggregate (crushed stone in bitumen)

Artificial composite; predominantly crushed granite, basalt, limestone, and/or recycled aggregate bound by bitumen

Native copper nugget

Copper (Cu), commonly with cuprite and copper-oxide alteration

Weathered gray-green igneous rock, likely basalt or andesite

Fine-grained mafic to intermediate volcanic rock; commonly plagioclase ± pyroxene, amphibole, and alteration minerals

Iron meteorite (probable)

Fe–Ni alloy, mainly kamacite and taenite

Red faceted gemstone ring

Likely synthetic ruby or red spinel; exact identification requires testing

Blue cabochon gemstone, likely synthetic spinel or glass

Undetermined; possible synthetic cobalt-blue spinel (MgAl₂O₄) or colored glass

Turquoise cabochon pendant

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; likely stabilized or imitation turquoise

Possible industrial slag or basaltic volcanic glass

Likely iron-rich vitreous slag; natural alternative: basaltic glass (tachylite)

Slag (Industrial Byproduct)

Anthropogenic Vitreous Silicate material

Serpentine

Antigorite-Lizardite-Chrysotile (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)

Slag

Ferrous slag (by-product of iron smelting)

Chondrite Meteorite

Ordinary Chondrite (L or H group)

Asphalt (Bituminous Concrete)

Bituminous Concrete / Pavement

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2, often with CaCO3 or Fe2O3 cement)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Milky Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Blue slag glass / industrial glass fragment

Artificial silicate glass, composition variable; likely copper- or cobalt-colored furnace slag

Red Granite

Intrusive Igneous Rock (Felsic)

Weathered iron-rich rock, possibly jasper or ironstone

Likely limonite/goethite-bearing siliceous rock; exact identification requires hardness and streak tests

Iron-rich meteorite candidate

Possibly an iron meteorite or stony-iron meteorite; exact identification requires testing

Quartz Vein in Siltstone

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) within Sedimentary/Metamorphic Matrix

Onyx (Black) and Mother of Pearl Inlay

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) for Onyx; Aragonite (CaCO3) for Mother of Pearl

Labradorite cabochon

Labradorite, a calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar; approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Iron-stained quartz-bearing rock (probable weathered quartz vein or ironstone)

Quartz (SiO₂) with goethite/limonite iron oxides; possibly altered volcanic or metamorphic host rock

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely glass or cubic zirconia

Uncertain; possible cubic zirconia (ZrO₂) or quartz (SiO₂), but the image may show a man-made simulant

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Iron-rich meteorite candidate

Probable stony-iron or iron meteorite; exact classification requires testing

Blue aventurine or dyed blue quartzite pendant

Quartz (SiO₂), likely aventurine quartz/quartzite; exact identification requires testing

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Quartz crystal pendant

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), likely rock crystal or milky quartz

Clear faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Synthetic zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂), probably cubic zirconia; exact identification requires testing

Diamond ring

Diamond (crystalline carbon, C)

Slag

Anthropogenic Vitreous Silicate / Ferro-silicate Slag

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Chert (Chert / Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)