Man Made Material (Metal)

Chert (Jasper variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (specifically Jasper or Flint)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (varieties include Flint and Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Native metal specimen, likely galena or metallic slag

Probably galena (lead sulfide, PbS); identification is uncertain from the image alone

Amethyst cabochon jewelry

Amethyst, purple variety of quartz (SiO₂)

Chert (Cherty Shale / Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4

Sandstone Pebble

Ferruginous Sandstone (SiO2 with Fe2O3)

Biotite mica schist (probable)

Mica schist, dominated by biotite; approximate mica formula K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂

Diamond

Native Carbon (C)

Opal gemstone pendant

Opal (hydrated amorphous silica, SiO₂·nH₂O)

Red Sandstone (Iron-Rich)

Arenite (Fe2O3)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4

Chert Nodule

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (often called Flint in archaeological contexts)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Rough Diamond

Pure Carbon (C)

Chert (specifically Flint)

Chert (SiO2)

Chert (Polished River Pebble)

Chert (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Polished hematite bead (probable)

Hematite, Fe₂O₃

Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2)

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite with Iron-Oxide Cement

Coquina

Bioclastic Limestone (composed primarily of CaCO3)

Small faceted gemstone, likely diamond

Diamond (crystalline carbon, C)

Chert (often called Flint when dark or worked)

Cryptocrystalline silica (SiO2)

Lapis lazuli pendant

Lapis lazuli; mainly lazurite (Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂S), with calcite and pyrite

Polished brecciated jasper

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) with iron-oxide-rich matrix and possible chalcedony

Tumbled serpentine

Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite, lizardite, or chrysotile; approximately Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄

Blue cabochon gemstone ring

Likely blue turquoise, glass-filled sapphire, or blue spinel; exact identification requires testing

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Slag

Anthropogenic Vitrophyre (Iron or Smelting Slag)

Blue gemstone ring, likely lapis lazuli

Lapis lazuli: lazurite-rich metamorphic rock, chiefly (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO)2, commonly with calcite and pyrite

Likely rough metallic meteorite fragment

Unclassified iron or stony-iron meteorite; identification is uncertain from the image alone

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite with Iron-Oxide Cement (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3/FeOOH)

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Galena-rich sulfide specimen

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS), possibly with sphalerite or other sulfides

Copper-bearing Quartz (with Malachite and Iron Oxides)

Quartz (SiO2) with Malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2) and Hematite/Limonite (Fe2O3)

Polished stone sphere, possibly agate or jasper

Likely microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂); exact variety cannot be confirmed from the image

Native copper (probable copper-rich mineral specimen)

Copper, Cu; possibly mixed with cuprite, malachite, and iron-oxide alteration minerals