Chert (varieties: Flint or Jasper)
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) / Microcrystalline Quartz
sedimentary
Category
Man Made Object (Metal Alloy)
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Quartz (Granular Milky Quartz fragment)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Polished banded agate, likely moss or dendritic agate
Microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), SiO₂, with iron/manganese inclusions
mineral
Coquina
Bioclastic Limestone (composed primarily of CaCO3)
sedimentary
Gold Nugget
Native Gold (Au)
mineral
Milky Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Diamond
Carbon (C)
mineral
Diabase (Dolerite)
Diabase / Dolerite
igneous
Jade
There are two distinct minerals classified as Jade: Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6) and Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2). Based on the image showing translucent, somewhat fibrous material, it is likely Nephrite.
Mineral
Land Snail Shell
Gastropoda (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)
fossil
Chalcopyrite in Quartz (Gold-bearing Ore)
CuFeS2 (Chalcopyrite)
mineral
Rhodonite
Rhodonite; (Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3
Mineral
Rhodonite
Rhodonite (MnSiO3)
Mineral
Iron Meteorite (Oxidized)
Iron-Nickel Alloy (Fe, Ni)
meteorite
Sandstone
Arenite
sedimentary
Rutilated Quartz (likely Citrine or Smoky Quartz with Rutile inclusions)
SiO2 with TiO2 inclusions (Quartz with Rutile)
Mineral
Quartzite
Metamorphic Quartzite (SiO2)
metamorphic
Pyrite
Iron Disulfide (FeS2)
mineral
Greenstone
Greenschist (composed of actinolite, chlorite, and epidote)
metamorphic
Peacock ore (iridescent chalcopyrite, possibly bornite)
Chalcopyrite, CuFeS₂; the iridescent surface may be natural tarnish or artificial acid treatment. Similar material is bornite, Cu₅FeS₄.
mineral
Gold Nugget
Native Gold (Au)
mineral
Iron Meteorite (likely Chondrite or weathered Iron-Nickel)
Meteorite (Fe-Ni alloy & silicates)
igneous
Iron Meteorite
Iron-nickel alloy (primarily kamacite and taenite)
Mineral/Rock (Extraterrestrial Origin)
Quartzite
Metamorphic Quartzite (SiO2)
metamorphic
Quartzite
Metamorphic Quartz Sandstone
metamorphic
Chrysoprase
Chrysoprase (a variety of Chalcedony, SiO₂)
Mineral
Milky Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Pyrite
Iron Sulfide (FeS2)
mineral
Red Sandstone
Arenite (Ferruginous Sandstone)
sedimentary
Chert (variations include Flint/Novaculite)
Chert (formula: SiO2)
sedimentary
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (complex of Antigorite, Lizardite, and Chrysotile, Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)
metamorphic
Sandstone (Pebble)
Sandstone (arenite, arkose, wacke depending on composition)
sedimentary
Jasper
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with impurities
sedimentary
Obsidian (Black)
Obsidian (High-silica volcanic glass)
igneous
Brown Jasper
Jasper (a cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz, SiO2)
Mineral, specifically a variety of Quartz
Quartzite
Metamorphic Rock (Mainly SiO2)
metamorphic
Limonite (Iron Ore)
Hydrous Iron Oxide (goethite, lepidocrocite)
Mineral
Native Copper
Copper (Cu)
mineral
Jadeite Jade
NaAlSi2O6 (Sodium Aluminum Silicate)
metamorphic
Fancy Jasper
Chalcedony (cryptocrystalline quartz) with inclusions
Mineral
Diabase (Greenstone)
Diabase (Dolerite)
igneous
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni)₃Si₂O―(OH)₄
metamorphic