Metamorphic Rock (For Nephrite And Some Jadeite); Mineral (For Jadeite)

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Vesicular-Amygdaloidal Basalt (Mafic Extrusive)

Quartz Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Rose Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace amounts of Titanium, Iron, or Manganese

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (Amorphous Silica)

Talc

Talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂)

Greenstone

Chlorite schist / Meta-basalt

Garnet Schist

Almandine Garnet in Mica Schist (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3)

Eye Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Banded Chalcedony

Sandstone

Sandstone (clastic sedimentary rock)

Kyanite

Kyanite (Al2SiO5)

Quartz Geode

Crystalline Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) within a nodule

Agate (Thunderegg segment)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz/Chalcedony

Rough Garnet (likely Almandine or Pyrope)

Garnet group; Almandine Fe3Al2(SiO4)3 or Pyrope Mg3Al2(SiO4)3

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic Extrusive Igneous Rock)

Magnetite (Iron Ore)

Magnetite (Fe3O4)

Banded River Rock / Gneiss (highly weathered)

Gneiss

Desert Varnish (on Sandstone)

Rock Varnish (composed of Manganese oxides, Iron oxides, and Clay minerals)

Agate (Grey Agate Slice)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Sandstone with Iron Oxide (Limonite/Hematite)

Ferruginous Sandstone (SiO2 with FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Porphyritic Andesite

Andesite (Intermediate Extrusive Volcanic Rock)

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (Mafic Extrusive)

Quartz Vein in Schist

Quartz (SiO2) in Mica Schist

Red Sandstone

Arenite (predominantly SiO2 with Fe2O3)

Milky Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Garnet (likely Almandine or a blend)

Garnet group: X3Y2(SiO4)3, where X can be Ca, Mg, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Y can be Al, Fe3+, Cr3+. Given the dark, somewhat reddish-brown appearance in the image, it's likely Almandine (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3) or a mix with other iron-rich garnets.

Ironstone Concretion (Moqui Marble)

Iron Oxide Concretion (Fe2O3 / FeO(OH) mixed with SiO2)

Quartz (likely) or a Quartzite Pebble

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) for quartz. If it's quartzite, it's a metamorphic rock primarily composed of quartz.

Sandstone Beach Pebble

Clastic Sandstone (SiO2 - Quartz-dominant)

Granite

Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock

Red Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide with iron oxide inclusions), SiO2

Gneiss

Gneiss

Sapphire (Corundum variety)

Sapphire (Al₂O₃)

Petrified Wood (Agatized/Silicified Wood)

Silicified Wood (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Granitic Pegmatite

Pegmatite (Quartz: SiO2, Feldspar: KAlSi3O8, Mica: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2)

Greenstone (Epidote/Chlorite Rich Rock)

Metabasalt (often contains Epidote Ca2Al2(Fe3+;Al)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH))

Smoky Quartz

Smoky Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Pink Opal

Hydrated Amorphous Silica (SiO2·nH2O)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Schist

Mica Schist

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (primarily SiO2)

Lapis Lazuli (polished cabochon/sphere)

Na8[Al6Si6O24]Sn with accessory minerals (Pyrite, Calcite)