Mineral (Processed Alloy)

Peridot

Olivine (specific variety: gem-quality forsterite), (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

Rhodonite

Rhodonite (MnSiO3)

White Jade (Nephrite)

Nephrite, Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2

Agate (Dyed High-Grade Polished Slice)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2), Chalcedony crystal variety

Yellow Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with goethite or iron oxide inclusions

Talc

Talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂)

River Cobble (Gneiss/Migmatite)

Gneissic Metamorphic Rock (composed mainly of Quartz, Feldspar, and Biotite)

Travertine (often colloquially called Tufa)

Chemical Sedimentary Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Ferruginous Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite (Fe2O3) inclusions

Diamond

Carbon (C), specifically a solid form of the element carbon with atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic.

Water and Silt (Sedimentary Environment)

Suspended Sediment / H2O (dihydrogen monoxide)

Jasper (specifically Brecciated or Agated Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Chalcedony with impurities

Blue Dyed Agate Geode

Chalcedony (cryptocrystalline Quartz), SiO2

Chalcedony (Common Opal/Chert variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variety)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (variable mineral composition)

Red Jasper (Opaque Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Gastly (Trick or Trade Halloween Series)

Cellulose-carbonaceous composite (Lignocellulose laminated with pigmentary polymers)

Cat's Eye Moonstone (Simulated/Synthetic or natural Cat's Eye Quartz/Glass)

There is no single scientific name. The appearance suggests either: Moonstone (feldspar group), Cat's Eye Quartz (SiO2), Apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)), or most likely a synthetic material such as Fiber Optic Glass or 'Opalite' (a type of glass).

Limonitic Scoria (Vesicular Basalt with Iron Staining)

Highly vesicular basalt heavily stained by Limonite [FeO(OH)·nH2O]

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis lazuli (primary mineral: Lazurite, (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)

Schist

Schist (various mineral compositions)

Amethyst

Amethyst (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 + Fe)

Slag Glass (Cullet)

Amorphous Silica / Glass residue

Granite

Granite (Felsic Plutonic Rock)

Jasper (likely a variety of Brecciated Jasper or a patterned variety)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Goldstone (Red)

Aventurine Glass (SiO2 + Cu)

Halite

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Gneiss (Metamorphic Rock)

Gneiss (variable mineral formula primarily containing Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals: (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Olivine (Peridot when gem-quality)

Magnesium Iron Silicate, (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Mahogany Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass) with Hematite or Magnetite inclusions, SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Banded Iron Formation (BIF) with Quartz

Banded Iron Formation, often composed of alternating layers of hematite (Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4) and chert (microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Cubic Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Pyrite

Iron Pyrite (FeS₂)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Hypersthene (or Enstatite/Ferrosilite)

Orthopyroxene series (Mg,Fe)SiO3 - specifically, historically hypersthene (intermediate member) now referred to as Enstatite (Mg-rich) or Ferrosilite (Fe-rich)

Quartz (Float/Abraded)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Quartz Geode/Cluster

Quartz (SiO2)