Mineral (Refined Metal)

Granite

Granite (a plutonic igneous rock)

Granite

Granite (a felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Slag Glass (Cullet)

Amorphous Silica (man-made), primarily SiO2 with trace metal oxides

Green Sea Glass

Amorphous Silica (man-made glass), SiO2 + additive metal oxides

African Turquoise (Jasper)

Polychrome African Jasper (often marketed as 'African Turquoise' due to its color, but it is not true turquoise)

Unidentified dark reddish-brown rock or mineral specimen

Indeterminate from the blurred image; possibly iron-stained quartz, jasper, or a metallic sulfide-bearing rock

Banded Iron Formation

Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock, not a single mineral; primary mineral is Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO4,Cl)1-2

Fuchsite Quartzite

Fuchsite-bearing Quartzite

Honey-colored chalcedony (possibly yellow/orange agate or carnelian)

Chalcedony, a microcrystalline variety of quartz; SiO₂. The color may result from iron-oxide inclusions. Exact identification is uncertain from a photograph alone.

Phyllite (possibly low-grade greenish slate)

Foliated metamorphic rock composed mainly of very fine-grained quartz, mica, and chlorite; approximate composition varies and has no single fixed chemical formula

Sandstone (with possibly iron oxides and other minerals)

Sandstone

Dark Igneous Rock (Likely Basalt or Diabase)

Basalt (extrusive igneous rock) or Diabase (intrusive igneous rock - also known as Dolerite), largely composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene (augite), and sometimes olivine and amphibole. Exact mineralogy would require thin section analysis.

Calcite (or Alabaster, if truly carved)

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)