Mineral (Silicate Replaced Organic Material)

Polished fossiliferous limestone (ammonite-rich slab)

Fossiliferous micrite/wackestone, likely containing goniatites or ammonites; chiefly calcite, CaCO₃

Chert (with Limestone matrix)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Bivalve Fossil

Bivalvia (Phylum Mollusca)

Tiger’s-eye fragment

Chatoyant quartz, SiO₂, with pseudomorphic iron-oxide fibers

Turritella Agate (Fossiliferous Chert)

Silicified Elimia tenera (Fossiliferous Chalcedony)

Fossil Shell (Bivalve)

Class Bivalvia (fossilized)

Polished fossil ammonite pendant

Ammonite fossil, commonly a heteromorph or planispiral ammonoid; chamber walls are calcite-replaced aragonite

Fossil oyster shell

Fossilized bivalve, commonly Ostrea or Crassostrea

Slag (Industrial Glassy Byproduct)

Ferro-silicate Slag

Fossil bone fragment, likely vertebrate limb or rib bone

Fossilized bone (apatite-rich hydroxyapatite, Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH); exact taxon indeterminate

Red jasper (likely iron-rich chert)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂, colored mainly by hematite/goethite

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Biotite (Mica)

Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Glendonite (Calcite Pseudomorph after Ikaite)

Calcite (CaCO3) pseudomorph after Ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O)

Planet Earth

Gaia (Silicate Terrestrial Planet)

Fossilized Rugose Coral (Horn Coral)

Order Rugosa

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variation)

Chert (Silicate mineral, SiO2)

Fossilized Shark Tooth

Lamniformes (order) fossil

Petrified Bone Pebble

Silicified Fossilized Bone

Chert (Nodule)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Silica (SiO2)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (primarily SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Polished brecciated jasper

Silicified microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), commonly called jasper

Pyrite (Pseudomorph)

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Polished leopard-skin jasper (orbicular jasper)

Silicified microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony, commonly with iron-oxide and manganese-oxide inclusions

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with impurities

Weathered light-colored rock, possibly quartz-rich granite or quartzite

Indeterminate; likely quartz–feldspar rock (granite) or quartzite

Fossilized Wood (Petrified Wood)

Silicified Wood (primarily quartz/chalcedony replacing organic matter)

Biotite (Mica)

K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2

Unidentified rough mineral fragments

Likely quartz- or feldspar-bearing rock; exact identification requires testing

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (primarily quartz, SiO2)

Chert (Light Grey / Flint variant)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Fossilized Bone

Fossilized Vertebrate Bone (Per mineralized)

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (primarily Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Yellow Jasper (Iron-stained Chert)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide (Limonite/Goethite) inclusions

Greenish translucent mineral fragment

Indeterminate; possibly serpentine, epidote, or green glassy feldspar

Dark brown flint/chert fragment

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), often with minor chalcedony and impurities

Weathered quartz-rich rock fragment

Indeterminate; likely quartz-bearing silicate rock

Iron-oxide-stained rock, likely limonite/goethite-rich material

Likely goethite (α-FeO(OH)) and/or limonite (a mixture of hydrated iron oxides), staining a silicate-rich rock

Fossil shell

Likely a fossilized marine bivalve shell; exact taxon is indeterminate from the image.