Mineral (Silicate Replaced Organic Material)

Basalt (Crushed Stone Aggregate)

Mafic Volcanic Basalt (Major Minerals: Plagioclase Feldspar, Pyroxene, Olivine)

Quartz (in matrix)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Granite

Granite

Obsidian (specifically Rainbow or Silver Sheen Obsidian)

Volcanic Glass (predominantly SiO2)

Man-made Synthetic Material (Plastic/Composite)

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) or High-Impact Polystyrene (HIPS)

Dyed Howlite (simulating Lavender/Purple Jade or Charoite)

Howlite: Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 (when natural)

Greenschist

Greenschist facies rock (containing chlorite, actinolite, albite, and epidote)

Chalcedony or Chert/Jasper with secondary mineral staining

SiO2 (for chalcedony/quartz) with possible secondary copper minerals (e.g., CuSiO3·nH2O for chrysocolla, Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 for malachite) or iron oxides/hydroxides.

Chalcedony Geode

Chalcedony (SiO2) within a geode structure

Diorite

Phaneritic Intermediate Plutonic Rock (Diorite)

Azurite-Malachite (often a mixed specimen)

Azurite: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2; Malachite: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2. The specimen appears to be a natural mixture or intergrowth of these two minerals.

Granite

Phaneritic Igneous Rock (composed mostly of Quartz, Alkali Feldspar, and Plagioclase)

Orange Calcite (likely polished specimen)

Calcite

Rough Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6 with Chromium/Vanadium impurities)

Hypersthene

Hypersthene (Enstatite variety), (Mg,Fe)SiO3

Quartz (pebble)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Diorite

Diorite (Intermediate intrusive igneous rock)

Basalt

Basalt

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium - CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Sandstone (Red Flagstone)

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily Quartz - SiO2)

Granite

Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)

Sandstone (specifically Arkose or Quartz Arenite)

Arenite (primarily SiO2 with possible Feldspar)

Schist

Schist (various compositions)

Sedimentary Breccia

Breccia (Clastic Sedimentary Rock)

Rutilated Quartz

Quartz (SiO2) with Rutile (TiO2) inclusions

Goldstone (Red/Brown)

Aventurine Glass (SiO2 with Copper inclusions)

Quartz

Silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Granite

Granite (a common rock type, not a single mineral with a formula. Composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica/amphibole).

Mixed Mineral Specimens

Mixed Silicates, Oxides, and Phosphates (SiO₂, Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH), Na₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄Cl₂, etc.)

White Marble

Recrystallized Calcite (CaCO3)

Peridot (Olivine)

Olivine ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Mixed Gemstone Beaded Jewelry

Various minerals (e.g., Quartz varieties like Rose Quartz, Amethyst; Peridot; Garnet; etc.)

Amber (Burmite)

Fossilized tree resin (Succinite variant)

Basalt with Scoria/Vesicular Texture

Extrusive Mafic Igneous Rock (primarily Plagioclase Feldspar and Pyroxene)

Schist with Quartz/Mica

Mica Schist (primarily Muscovite and Quartz)

Green Aventurine

Silicon Dioxide with Fuchsite (SiO2 + K(Al,Cr)2AlSi3O10(OH)2)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of minerals in the Serpentine group)

Pebble (likely a type of sandstone or quartzite pebble)

Clastic Sediment (specifically, a rudite-sized clast). If the pebble is composed of a specific rock type, its scientific name would be that rock type (e.g., 'Quartzite pebble', 'Granite pebble', 'Chert pebble'). Given its appearance, it is likely a metamorphic quartzite pebble or a hard sandstone pebble.

Pyrite

Iron Pyrite (FeS₂)

Chrysocolla and Azurite on Matrix

Hydrated copper silicate (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4 (Chrysocolla) and Copper carbonate hydroxide Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 (Azurite)