Mineral Precipitate (Anthropogenic Context)

Aquamarine and clear quartz

Aquamarine (Be3Al2Si6O18), Quartz (SiO2)

Sea Glass (Teal/Turquoise)

Amorphous Silica (SiO2) with trace metal oxides

Halite (Rock Salt)

Halite; NaCl (Sodium Chloride)

Sandstone (likely a river or beach pebble)

Sandstone (a clastic sedimentary rock)

Banded Jasper (possibly "Picture Jasper")

Jasper (a microcrystalline variety of Quartz / Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Sandstone

Arenite or Sandstone

Red Jasper (beads)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron inclusions

Goldstone

N/A (Synthetic Glass with Copper Inclusions)

Clear Quartz (beads in a bracelet)

Quartz (SiO2)

Travertine (used in construction, not a 'specimen' in situ)

Travertine

Quartz (likely milky quartz or a stained variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Red Jasper

Jasper (a variety of Chalcedony, SiO₂ with iron oxide inclusions)

Concrete Fragment

Hardened Portland Cement Composite

Shale with Vein Infillings

Shale (a fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock). The veins could be Calcite (CaCO3), Quartz (SiO2), or other minerals.

Sandstone (Pebble/Cobble)

Sandstone (arenite is a more precise term for sandstone with less than 15% matrix; this specimen appears to be a lithic or quartz arenite)

Jasper (likely Polychrome or Desert Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with impurities

Crushed Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Slag

Ferrous Slag (Siliceous industrial waste)

Slag (Industrial Byproduct)

Ferro-silicate glass (Slag)

Jasper (likely a variety of Yellow or Mustard Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz

Ferrous Slag (Iron Smelting By-product)

Fused Siliceous Slag

Sea Glass (Kelly Green)

Amorphous Silica (Silicon Dioxide with Iron/Chromium additives)

Sea Glass (specifically Frosted White)

Amorphous Silica (substance: Sodium-calcium silicate glass)

Red Jasper (with Quartz Veins)

Jasper (var. chert, SiO₂)

Iron Ore / Ironstone Concretion

Mixture of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, likely some combination of Hematite (Fe2O3), Goethite (α-FeOOH), and Limonite (a general term for hydrated iron oxides of variable composition) or potentially Bauxite (a mixture of aluminum hydroxides, often with iron oxides, (Al(OH)3) and FeO(OH)). The visual characteristics strongly suggest iron-rich material.

Red Chalcedony (likely dyed)

Chalcedony (a variety of Quartz), SiO2

Sea Glass (Uranium/Vaseline Glass variant)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace Uranium Oxide (U3O8)

Green Sea Glass

Amorphous Silica (man-made glass), SiO2 + additive metal oxides

Sea Glass (Frosted Glass)

Amorphous Silica (SiO2) with various additives

Goldfish Cracker (Culinary Mimic)

Cibus aurum (Commonly composed of Enriched Wheat Flour and Cheddar Cheese)

Iron Slag

Ferrous slag (primarily silicates and oxides of calcium, iron, and magnesium)

River Pebble (Likely Chert or Fine-Grained Sandstone/Quartzite)

Siliciclastic clast (likely Chert or Quartzarenite/Quartzite pebble)

Jasper (specifically Bloodstone or Heliotrope variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

Banded Iron Formation

Pet Rock (Man-made Quartzite or Granite Cobble)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) mixture; commonly composed of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica

Terracotta (Man-made ceramic brick fragment)

Baked clay / High-iron ceramic (Silicate-based ceramic)

Banded Jasper (Chert)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety of Chalcedony

Sea Glass (Turquoise/Aqua)

Amorphous Silica (SiO2) with transition metal dopants

Chert (or Flint)

SiO2 (predominantly microcrystalline quartz)

Sea Glass (White/Clear)

Amorphous Silica (Alkali-Lime-Silica Glass), SiO2 + Na2O + CaO

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Fossil / Permineralized Bone

Tyrannosaurus rex fossil (Hydroxylapatite replaced by various minerals)