Mineral Within Sedimentary Rock

Clear Quartz Cluster

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sandstone Pebble

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Ferruginous Sandstone

Arenite with Iron-Oxide cement (primarily Fe2O3 • nH2O)

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Howlite

Calcium borosilicate hydroxide (Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5)

Yellow Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Serpentinite (Serpentine Rock)

Primarily composed of serpentine group minerals, such as antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite. Chemical formula for serpentine minerals is (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4.

Ferruginous Siltstone or Mudstone

Ferruginous Siltstone / Goethitic Sandstone

Sandstone (Red Sandstone)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2 with Iron Oxide)

Chert (variations include Flint/Jasper)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Sandstone (likely Arkosic or Quartzose)

Sandstone (SiO2 dominated)

Sandstone (likely Ferruginous)

Arenite (SiO2 with iron oxide impurities)

Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)

Arenite (SiO2 primarily)

Turquoise (Green variety)

Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminum, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Sandstone (Weathered Cobble)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2)

Sandstone (Cross-bedded Drill Core)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2)

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Dyed Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Amygdaloidal Basalt with Secondary Minerals

Basalt containing secondary mineralization (likely Chlorite, Celadonite, or Zeolites)

Clear Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Metamorphic Rock)

Quartz (Milky Quartz / Quartzite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Jasper (specifically Polychrome or Desert Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide and other mineral impurities

Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2)

Milky Quartz (Vein Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Quartz (Milky/Common)

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Sandstone (Quartz-rich)

Sandstone (SiO2 dominated)

Leopard Skin Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide with impurities), SiO2

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Sandstone Concretion with Fossil Wood

Ferruginous Sandstone Concretion (SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Quartz Vein in Host Rock (Breccia/Rhyolite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with matrix

Geode Nodules / Chalcedony Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Amorphous to Cryptocrystalline Quartz

Amethyst

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite impurities

Chalcedony or Chert/Jasper with secondary mineral staining

SiO2 (for chalcedony/quartz) with possible secondary copper minerals (e.g., CuSiO3·nH2O for chrysocolla, Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 for malachite) or iron oxides/hydroxides.

Fossiliferous Shale

Laminated Mudrock with plant fossils

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Gneiss with Quartz Vein

Gneiss containing Quartz (SiO2) filler