Cullet Glass (Industrial Slag Glass)
Amorphous Silica (SiO2) with metallic oxide impurities
Man-made byproduct (often mistaken for Obsidian or Emerald)
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Moqui Marble
Hematite Concretion (Iron Oxide Concretion)
sedimentary
Raw Sapphire (Corundum)
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)
gemstone
Amber
Succinite (fossilized tree resin)
mineral
Siltstone
Siltstone (primarily SiO2 with Al2O3)
sedimentary
Obsidian
Amorphous volcanic glass (SiO2)
igneous
Obsidian
Volcanic Glass (SiO2 rich)
igneous
Cullet (Slag Glass)
Amorphous Silica (SiO2) with various metal oxide colorants
mineraloid / anthropogenic
Titanium Coated Aura Quartz (Apple Aura Quartz)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Metallic Vapor Deposition Coating
Mineral (Man-modified)
Ironstone Concretion / Limonite Node
Limonite (Hydrated Iron Oxide, FeO(OH)·nH2O) with Goethite/Hematite
sedimentary
Chert (Pebble)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Quartzite
Metamorphosed Quartz Sandstone (SiO2)
metamorphic
Manganese-coated Sandstone
Clastic sedimentary rock with Manganese Oxide (often Pyrolusite or Psilomelane)
sedimentary
Jasper
Silicon dioxide (Microcrystalline Quartz, SiO2)
sedimentary
Sandstone Pebble
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Asphalt (Aggregate)
Bituminous macadam / Concrete Aggregate
sedimentary
Synthetic Costume Accessory (Non-Geological)
Polyester and Acrylic Fiber (Anthropogenic polymer)
Synthetic / Man-made textile
Corundum (Sapphire)
Corundum (Al2O3)
mineral
Garnet (Almandine variety)
Almandine, Fe3Al2(SiO4)3
Mineral
Obsidian
Volcanic Glass (SiO2 + minor impurities)
igneous
Chert (Jasper/Flint Pebble)
Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Dyed Quartzite (Pink/Magenta)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Artificially Colored Quartzite
mineral
Citrine Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Tiger's Eye (Oeil de Tigre)
Pseudomorph of Quartz after Crocidolite (SiO2 with iron oxide inclusions)
metamorphic
Aqua Aura Quartz
Titanium/Gold-coated Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Rose Quartz
Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2) with trace amounts of titanium, iron, or manganese
mineral
Natural Freshwater Pearl
Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite and Calcite), CaCO3
gemstone
Quartzite
Metamorphic rock (SiO2)
metamorphic
Citrine
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
gemstone
Chert (specifically tan/pink variety)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Yellow Jasper
Chalcedony (SiO2) with iron inclusions
sedimentary
Chert (specifically Red Chert or Jasper)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Citrine (Heat-treated Amethyst)
Citrine Quartz (SiO2)
Mineral (Tectosilicate)
Carnelian
Carnelian (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)
mineral
Polished Chert (Flint)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Rose Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Banded Quartzite or Gneissic Pebble
Quartzite with mafic inclusions (SiO2) or Banded Gneiss
metamorphic
Quartz Geode
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Obsidian
Obsidian (Volcanic Glass), primarily SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)
igneous
Coal (specifically Bituminous or Anthracite)
Organic sedimentary rock; primarily Carbon (C) with varying H, S, O, N
sedimentary
Cullet Glass (Strawberry Glass)
Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metallic dopants
Mineraloid (Synthetic/Man-made)
Green Quartz (including Prase or Aventurine variants)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions (likely Actinolite or Chlorite)
mineral