Organic Gemstone (Not A Rock Or Mineral In The Traditional Sense, But Bio Mineralized Material)

Raw turquoise-bearing rock

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O, likely in a quartz/host-rock matrix

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (primarily Quartz / Chalcedony: SiO2)

Mammoth Molar Fossil

Mammuthus primigenius (Tooth fragment)

Fossil Shark Tooth

Carcharodon or Carcharias fossil (Vertebrate Fossil)

Fossilized Bone Fragment

Vertebrate Fossil Material (Apatite/Calcium Phosphate)

Tumbled amber (likely)

Amber; fossilized plant resin, commonly succinite (organic material rather than a mineral)

Likely graphite-rich metamorphic rock (graphitic schist)

Graphitic schist; chiefly carbon (graphite) with quartz, mica, and possibly sulfides

Tiger's Eye

Pseudomorph of Quartz after Crocidolite (SiO2 with iron oxide inclusions)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Red coral cabochon (likely dyed or reconstructed coral)

Corallium rubrum or other calcareous coral; chiefly aragonite (CaCO₃)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Carnelian agate

Cryptocrystalline quartz (SiO₂), iron-oxide-bearing chalcedony

Quartz-rich vein rock (milky quartz with dark host-rock inclusions)

Predominantly quartz (SiO₂), with unidentified dark silicate/mineral inclusions; exact rock type cannot be confirmed visually

Mixed gravel and small stones

Unsorted gravel; individual clasts are not identifiable from the image

Tumbled brown jasper (likely common jasper or chert)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂, chiefly chalcedony/quartz with iron-oxide impurities

Chert (varieties include Flint and Jasper)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Milky quartz with dark mineral veins

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), likely massive vein quartz; dark veins may be chlorite, mica, iron/manganese oxides, or a sulfide mineral

Chert (Yellow/Brown Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Fossil Shark Tooth

Selachii fossil

Mammoth Tooth

Mammuthus tooth

Amethyst druzy cluster

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂)

Chert (includes Flint & Jasper)

Chert (Siliceous sedimentary rock, chemical formula SiO2)

Fossilized ammonite fragment

Ammonoidea; likely an ammonite suture-section specimen, commonly Jurassic–Cretaceous

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Green variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Polished agate-like stone (uncertain; possibly a fossil or shell fragment)

Likely microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), SiO₂; exact identification is limited by the image

Aquamarine

Beryllium aluminum silicate (Be3Al2Si6O18)

Amber

Succinite (C10H16O)

Chert (Yellow Jasper/Flint)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) - Cryptocrystalline Quartz

Scoria (vesicular basalt)

Vesicular basalt; chiefly plagioclase, pyroxene, and iron-rich glass/oxides

Orange chromium diopside (likely tumbled)

Diopside, CaMgSi₂O₆; orange color may reflect iron-rich composition or surface treatment/inclusion

Grass (Organic Matter/Soil)

Poaceae (family of monocotyledonous flowering plants)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Chalk

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Puddingstone

Conglomerate

Weathered granite or granitic gneiss

Granite/granitic gneiss, composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Iron-stained milky quartz vein

Quartz (SiO₂), with iron-oxide/hydroxide staining and minor dark inclusions

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Jasper

Jasper (Cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz, SiO2)