Organic Gemstone (Often Associated With Sedimentary Sequences)

Sandstone (likely Fossilized Wood or Concrete Simulacrum)

Arenite / Silicified Wood / Anthropogenic Concrete

Chert (with Liesegang Banding)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Glauconitic Sandstone

Glauconitic Sandstone (Greensand)

Amethyst

Quartz (SiO2) variety

Peridot

Olivine (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Larimar and Fossil Coral

Pectolite (NaCa2Si3O8(OH)) and Hexagonaria/Petoskey Stone

Orange Calcite

Calcite (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Tahitian Pearl

Biogenic Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite/Calcite), CaCO3

Citrine Quartz Sphere

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (variously Flint or Jasper gravel)

Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Rose Quartz

Quartz (SiO2) with trace elements of titanium, iron, or manganese

Chalcedony (Banded/Mottled Variety)

Chalcedony (a cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz, SiO2)

Almandine Garnet in Matrix

Almandine, Fe3Al2(SiO4)3

Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2)

Coral Fossil (Petrified Coral)

Scleractinia (Order) - Calcified Fossil Skeleton (CaCO3)

Banded Chert (with Quartz Vein)

Microcrystalline Silica (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Coquina

Biogenic Limestone (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Jade

There are two distinct minerals commonly known as Jade: Nephrite (a calcium magnesium silicate - Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) and Jadeite (a sodium aluminum silicate - NaAlSi2O6). Based on the image showing a typically softer, more fibrous appearance, it is likely Nephrite.

Granodiorite

Granodiorite (phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)

Talc

Talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂)

Ammolite

Biogenic gemstone (Aragonite, CaCO3)

Granite

Granite (a common rock name, not a single mineral species, composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica/amphibole)

Rhodonite

Rhodonite (MnSiO3)

Emerald in Matrix

Emerald (Beryllium Aluminum Silicate), Be3Al2(SiO3)6

Malachite in Matrix

Copper Carbonate Hydroxide (Cu2CO3(OH)2)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia)

Crystallized Carbon (C) for Diamond; Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) for CZ

Raw Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with Chromium/Vanadium impurities)

Scoria (Lava Rock)

Scoria (Basaltic Scoria)

Chalk

CaCO3 (primarily Calcium Carbonate), biogenic sedimentary rock

Metal Alloy (Jewelry)

Not a naturally occurring rock or mineral; likely a metal alloy for jewelry. Possible compositions include sterling silver (92.5% silver, 7.5% copper), or other silver/gold alloys.

Prasiolite and Quartz Crystal Cluster

Quartz (SiO2); Prasiolite is a variety of Quartz

Chert (variations include Flint/Chalcedony)

Chert (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Petoskey Stone

Hexagonaria percarinata (Fossilized Rugose Coral)

Lepidolite (likely)

K(Li,Al)3(Al,Si)4O10(F,OH)2 (Phyllosilicate mineral, part of the mica group)

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (Mafic Extrusive)

Red Rhyolite Porphyry

Rhyolite (Porphyritic texture)

Aquamarine with Ruby Accent

Beryllium Aluminum Silicate (Be3Al2Si6O18) with Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)

Moss Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with mineral inclusions of hornblende or chlorite