Sedimentary Or Metamorphic (Low Grade)

Chert (often called Flint or Agate nodule)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Shale

Mudstone/Shale

River Siltstone / Mudstone Pebble

Siltstone (composed of mixed silicate and carbonate minerals)

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Jade (Nephrite or Jadeite)

Nephrite: Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 (amphibole mineral); Jadeite: NaAlSi2O6 (pyroxene mineral)

Chalk

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Shale

Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)

Chert (Jasper/Quartzite variety)

Microcrystalline Silica (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (specifically River Stone / Jasper variety)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Iron-stained variant)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (varieties include Flint and Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) / Microcrystalline Quartz

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with aluminum impurities and natural radiation

Black Tourmaline (Schorl)

Schorl (Sodium Iron Aluminum Borosilicate Hydroxide), NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH

Serpentine Jade (New Jade/Olive Jade)

Serpentinite (a rock composed primarily of serpentine minerals) / Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 for Antigorite and Lizardite

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Schist

Mica Schist

Pyrite in Shale

Iron Sulfide (FeS2) in Argillaceous Shale

Sandstone or Limestone

Arenite or Calcareous Sedimentary Rock

Chert (Jasper/Opaline variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pink Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2 with minor iron oxide impurities)

Moonstone (specifically White Moonstone/Adularia)

Potassium aluminum silicate ((K,Na)AlSi3O8)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with trace amounts of iron and titanium)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Clear Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Blue Quartz (Dumortierite Quartz)

Quartz (SiO2) with inclusions of Dumortierite (Al7(BO3)(SiO4)3O3)

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

Smoky Quartz

Smoky Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide with aluminum impurities)

Gneiss

Gneiss (pronounced 'nice')

Devil's Toenail

Gryphaea (extinct genus of foam oysters, typically composed of Calcite CaCO3)

Red Garnet

Pyrope-Almandine series (Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 to Fe3Al2(SiO4)3)

Rhodonite

Manganese Silicate (Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Fossiliferous Shale

Laminated Mudrock with plant fossils

Muscovite (Mica) in Quartz Matrix

Muscovite (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2) and Quartz (SiO2)

Orthoclase Feldspar

Potassium aluminum silicate (KAlSi3O8)

Quartz with Pyrite

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Yellow Quartz (Citrine/Gold Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Magnetite (Small Granule)

Magnetite (Fe3O4)