Synthetic (Ceramic)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Ruby (Rough/Raw)

Corundum (Al2O3:Cr)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Chert (SiO2)

Chert

Chert (SiO2)

White Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Kyanite (Green and Blue varieties)

Kyanite (Al2SiO5)

Ruby (varieties of Corundum)

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) with Chromium traces

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely quartz

Quartz (SiO₂), probably rock crystal; exact identification is uncertain from the strongly backlit image

Blue-green tumbled gemstone, likely turquoise or dyed turquoise

Turquoise: hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; identification is uncertain from the blurry image

Assorted Semi-Precious Gemstone Crosses

Quartz, Silicates, Carbonates (various)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Staurolite (Fairy Stone)

Staurolite (Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH))

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium impurities)

Malachite

Cu2CO3(OH)2 (Copper Hydroxide Carbonate)

Blue gemstone ring, likely lapis lazuli

Lapis lazuli: lazurite-rich metamorphic rock, chiefly (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO)2, commonly with calcite and pyrite

Amethyst cabochon ring

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂)

Amethyst jewelry centerpiece

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂), likely set with colorless diamonds or other gems

Banded Black Onyx (Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Opalite (Man-made Glass)

Synthetic Silicon Dioxide Glass (SiO2 + metal oxides)

Faceted clear gemstone, likely quartz or glass imitation

Most likely quartz (SiO₂); exact identification requires refractive-index and hardness tests

Goldstone

Avventurina (Man-made Glass with Copper inclusions)

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Silicon

Element Si

Opalite

Man-made Synthetic Glass (Silicon Dioxide with metal additives)

Blue Agate Geode (Dyed)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with Chromium/Vanadium impurities)

Diamond (or high-quality simulant like Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) - Native Element

Chert

Chert (Microcrystalline Quartz, SiO2)

Green glassy cabochon, likely dyed or synthetic material

Uncertain; possibly green obsidian, chrysoprase, or synthetic glass

Polished labradorite cabochon

Labradorite, calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar; approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Emerald

Beryl, Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆, colored green mainly by chromium and/or vanadium

Acrylic or Resin (Synthetic Imitation)

Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) or Polyepoxide

Agate (Polished Sphere)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Weathered iron-rich rock, likely laterite or vesicular scoria

Probably iron-oxide-stained basaltic scoria; exact identification requires testing

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Red-brown iron-rich rock, likely hematite-bearing basalt or ironstone

Provisional identification: hematite (Fe₂O₃)-stained mafic rock; possibly weathered basalt or ferruginous chert

Turquoise cabochon pendant

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Faceted quartz crystal sphere (likely rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)