Synthetic (Ceramic)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3) with traces of Iron and Titanium

Ruby in matrix (likely ruby-bearing corundum)

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), chromium-bearing variety

Ruby cabochons

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored red by chiefly chromium

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Pink Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with trace Chromium and Iron)

Ruby (Corundum)

Corundum (Aluminum Oxide) with chromium trace elements, Al2O3

Ruby

Corundum (Aluminium Oxide with Chromium impurities, Al2O3:Cr)

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Diamond ring

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C), likely a faceted mounted stone

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant)

Native Carbon (C)

Opal (in Jewelry Setting)

Hydrated Silicon Dioxide (SiO2·nH2O)

Diamond

Pure Carbon (C)

Clear faceted gemstone, likely quartz (rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂); visual identification is uncertain because the stone is heavily faceted and photographed with flash

Green cabochon gemstone, likely glass-filled or synthetic emerald imitation

Uncertain; possible synthetic emerald (beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) or green glass

Cubic Zirconia (Simulated Diamond)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Iridescent opal-like specimen

Likely common opal (hydrated amorphous silica, SiO₂·nH₂O), possibly treated or synthetic

White Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (Complex aggregate including Lazurite: (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)

Polished pink quartz cabochon

Quartz (SiO₂), likely rose quartz or included quartz

Honey-colored amber

Amber (fossilized plant resin; chiefly polymerized terpenoid compounds)

Strawberry Quartz (or Rose Quartz / Cherry Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Lepidocrocite, Hematite, or Goethite inclusions

Dyed Blue Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz

Bismuth

Bismuth (Bi)

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Polished green-and-black banded cabochon (likely malachite imitation or dyed agate)

Uncertain; possible malachite (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂), banded agate (SiO₂), or man-made glass

Chipped Glass/Plastic Fragment

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) for glass (amorphous) or various polymer compounds for plastic

Faceted clear gemstone, likely quartz (rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂); exact identity is uncertain because the strong flash and cut obscure diagnostic features

Earthy iron-rich clay or weathered laterite

Hydrated iron oxides and clay minerals, commonly goethite/hematite with kaolinite or illite

Green Fluorite (likely synthetic or heat-treated for jewelry)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Opalite (a synthetic glass, often confused with Opal)

Silicon dioxide glass (SiO2nH2O, for natural opal)

Opal cabochon

Opal, hydrated amorphous silica (SiO₂·nH₂O), likely common or Ethiopian precious opal

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Rough Corundum (likely Sapphire or Common Corundum)

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)

Botryoidal hematite (specular hematite)

Hematite, Fe₂O₃

Staurolite (Cross Stone)

Staurolite (Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH))

Chalcanthite

Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Smoky Quartz

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Rose Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace amounts of titanium, iron, or manganese