Synthetic (Ceramic)

Diamond (Faceted Colorless)

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Chalcopyrite-bearing Ore

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)

Red synthetic corundum (ruby-colored lab-grown sapphire)

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), likely synthetic and chromium-colored

Pink feldspar fragment (probable orthoclase or microcline)

Potassium feldspar, KAlSi₃O₈

Flint / Chert Nodule

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Quartzite Pebble

Quartzite (SiO2)

Lepidolite in Pegmatite

K(Li,Al)3(Al,Si,Rb)4O10(F,OH)2 (Lepidolite)

Chert (Nodular Chert)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3) with traces of Iron and Titanium

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Cubic Zirconia (Faceted)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Blue Sapphire (Synthetic or Man-made Glass Imitation)

Corundum (Al2O3) if natural; Lead-glass or Spinal if synthetic

Anthropogenic Heat Source (Electronic/Industrial Interface)

Thermal IR emission (Electronic infrastructure)

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Lepidolite

K(Li,Al)3(Al,Si,Rb)4O10(F,OH)2

Brachiopod Fossil in Shale

Phylum Brachiopoda (often species of Order Spiriferida or Rhynchonellida)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Ruby (Faceted)

Corundum (Al2O3:Cr)

Quartz-rich metamorphic rock, likely quartzite

Quartzite; predominantly quartz (SiO₂), with minor iron-oxide and mica impurities

Iridescent coated quartz (likely synthetic/display gemstone)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), likely faceted and surface-coated; exact material cannot be confirmed visually

Pink Dyed Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Variety Agate

Bismuth

Bismuth (Bi)

Cobalt Glass Slug (Man-made Glass)

Amorphous Silica with Cobalt Oxide (SiO2 + CoO)

Painted River Rock

Polished fluvial clast with acrylic/synthetic pigment coating

Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Cat's Eye Moonstone (Simulated/Synthetic or natural Cat's Eye Quartz/Glass)

There is no single scientific name. The appearance suggests either: Moonstone (feldspar group), Cat's Eye Quartz (SiO2), Apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)), or most likely a synthetic material such as Fiber Optic Glass or 'Opalite' (a type of glass).

Blue glass-like gemstone specimen (likely dyed or synthetic quartz)

Uncertain; possibly blue-dyed quartz or synthetic glass, not confidently identifiable from the image

Synthetic Ruby (Jewel Bearings)

Synthetic Corundum (Al2O3 doped with Chromium)

Blue sapphire ring

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), blue variety colored mainly by iron and titanium

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Dyed Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety Chalcedony

Tumbled black stone, likely basalt

Basalt; fine-grained plagioclase–pyroxene rock, possibly with magnetite

Iron-rich jasper (red jasper/ironstone)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) colored by hematite and goethite

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Green glass-like cabochon, likely synthetic glass or resin

Unidentified green transparent material; possibly molded glass, synthetic spinel, or resin

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) or Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)