Synthetic (Man Made Glass)

Opalite

Synthetic glass (Opalite simulant)

Pearl-and-gemstone insect brooch

Pearl: nacre (aragonite, CaCO₃); colored stones are likely synthetic or natural corundum/spinel/glass, not determinable from the image

Asphalt (Bituminous Concrete)

Bituminous mix / Anthropogenic conglomerate

Titanium Amethyst Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Titanium/Metal Vapor Deposition Layer

Vesicular basalt (weathered scoria)

Scoriaceous basalt; chiefly plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine, and iron-titanium oxides

Red gemstone, likely ruby

Corundum (Al₂O₃), colored red by chromium; identity cannot be confirmed from the photo

Gemstone ring (stones not identifiable from image)

Unknown; the ring appears to contain two yellow stones and one colorless stone, possibly faceted gemstones or simulants

Blue tumbled glass-like specimen; likely blue slag glass

Likely man-made glass (silicate glass), not a natural mineral; exact material cannot be confirmed from the image

Red gemstone ring, likely synthetic ruby or red glass

Unidentified red faceted stone; ruby is corundum (Al₂O₃)

Small colored gemstone or glass cabochons (uncertain)

Not identifiable from the image; the pieces may be colored glass or synthetic stones rather than natural minerals.

Blue Crackle Quartz (Dyed Quarzite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial dye

Dyed Blue Agate (Dragon Vein Agate)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial cobalt/organic dyes

Diamond

Native Carbon (C)

Dyed Aura Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metallic coating

Faceted clear gemstone in a gold-colored ring

Unidentified colorless faceted gem; possibly quartz, glass, or another transparent gem material

Granite with Cupules / Bedrock Mortars

Granite (felsic intrusive plutonic rock)

Polymictic conglomerate or breccia (possibly concrete-like aggregate)

Lithified polymictic gravel; clasts may include basalt, granite, quartzite, and other silicates

Colorless faceted quartz-like gemstone

Likely quartz (SiO₂), though the appearance may also indicate man-made glass or cubic zirconia

Metallic sulfide mineral fragment, likely galena

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS), tentative identification

Faceted red gemstone, likely ruby

Corundum (Al₂O₃), red variety colored mainly by chromium

Small blue cut gemstone, possibly synthetic spinel or glass; species cannot be determined from the photo

Undetermined; blue synthetic spinel (MgAl₂O₄) is one possibility

Carborundum (Silicon Carbide)

Silicon Carbide (SiC) / Moissanite (natural form)

Red faceted gemstone, possibly synthetic ruby or red glass

Unidentified red gem; ruby is corundum (Al₂O₃), while glass is amorphous silicate

Faceted clear gemstone in a metal setting

Unidentified transparent faceted gem; possibilities include quartz (SiO₂), topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂), or glass—the image is insufficient for identification.

Blue-green cut gemstone, possibly aquamarine

Unconfirmed; aquamarine is blue-green beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈

Red gemstone ring; likely synthetic ruby or red glass

Undetermined from the image; ruby is corundum (Al₂O₃), while red glass is amorphous silicate

Blue gemstone ring, likely blue topaz or synthetic blue spinel

Likely topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂) or synthetic spinel (MgAl₂O₄); identification is uncertain from the image

Smelter Slag

Anthropogenic Silicate Slag

Blue-green faceted pendant stone

Undetermined; possibly synthetic glass or a blue-green gemstone such as topaz or quartz

Faceted Clear Quartz or Diamond Simulant

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) if Quartz or Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2) if Synthetic

Faceted yellow gemstone (possibly citrine or synthetic glass)

Undetermined; citrine is yellow quartz (SiO₂), but the image cannot confirm the material

Ferruginous Conglomerate (or Iron-Rich Concrete/Slag)

Clastic Sedimentary (Silicon Dioxide/Iron Oxide matrix)

Faceted purple-blue beads, likely synthetic glass or treated gemstone

Indeterminate; possible synthetic corundum, synthetic spinel, or dyed quartz (SiO₂)

Cubic Zirconia (as used in jewelry setting)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Green faceted gemstone, likely synthetic glass or peridot

Indeterminate from image; possible peridot (olivine, (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄) or green synthetic glass

Green cut gemstone, likely synthetic emerald or glass imitation

Undetermined; natural emerald is beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈), while the vivid, very uniform appearance may indicate imitation material

Black cabochon pendant, likely onyx or black glass

Most likely black chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂); the surrounding stones may be cubic zirconia or glass

Green faceted gemstone earrings

Undetermined; possibly green glass or synthetic emerald-type material, rather than identifiable natural emerald

Asphalt Chunk

Asphalt concrete

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Rainbow Hematite (Man-made/Treated)

Tumbled Hematite with Titanium/Anodized coating (Iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3)

Red gemstone, likely ruby

Corundum (Al₂O₃), colored red by chromium