Synthetic (Man Made Material Mimicking Natural Stone)

Clear Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper/Flint variety)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (often called Flint)

Chert (Microcrystalline Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Stichtite in Serpentine (Atlantisite)

Mg6Cr2CO3(OH)16·4H2O (Stichtite) within Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 (Serpentine)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Red Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide with Iron Oxide inclusions), SiO2

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (primarily Quartz/Chalcedony, SiO2)

Moss Agate

Chalcedony (SiO2) with inclusions of manganese or iron oxides

Amethyst

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace Iron (Fe3+)

Sandstone (Greywacke/Lithic Sandstone)

Arenite / Lithic Sandstone

Granitoid (Granitic Rock)

Granitoid (Quartzo-feldspathic plutonic rock)

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (Quartz variant, SiO2)

Black Jasper (Black Stone / River Pebble)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂), Opaque variety of Chalcedony

Yellow Quartzite River Cobble

Meta-quartzite (SiO2 with iron oxide staining)

Smoky Quartz on Matrix

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace impurities and aluminum inclusions

Granodiorite

Granodiorite (Intermediate intrusive igneous rock)

Quartzite (River Cobble)

Metamorphosed Quartz Sandstone (SiO2)

Quartzite Pebble

Quartzite (SiO2)

Quartzite

Quartzite (composed primarily of Quartz, SiO2)

Quartz Pebble (Iron-Stained)

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Sandstone (Banded)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2)

Sandstone (specifically Arkose or Ferruginous Sandstone)

Sandstone (SiO2 with iron oxide inclusions)

Quartz Vein Outcrop

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sandstone (Quartz Sandstone)

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Red Sandstone

Clastic Sedimentary Mineraloid (predominantly Quartz grains with Iron Oxide cement)

Quartz (River Pebble)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of minerals in the Serpentine group)

Banded Calcite (often sold as 'Mexican Onyx' or 'Green Onyx')

Calcite (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Greenstone

Protolith of basalt, diabase, or gabbro; often contains minerals like chlorite, actinolite, and epidote

Chert (and Jasper blend)

Chert (Microcrystalline Quartz, SiO2)

Sodalite

Sodalite (Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2)

Red Sandstone

Arenite (primarily composed of SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)

White Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pebble (likely a type of sandstone or quartzite pebble)

Clastic Sediment (specifically, a rudite-sized clast). If the pebble is composed of a specific rock type, its scientific name would be that rock type (e.g., 'Quartzite pebble', 'Granite pebble', 'Chert pebble'). Given its appearance, it is likely a metamorphic quartzite pebble or a hard sandstone pebble.

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (predominantly SiO2, approximately 70% or more)

Turquoise

Turquoise (Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Rose Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Arrowhead/Tool variety)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (specifically Red Chert or Jasper)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)