Amorphous Solid

Opal

Hydrous silicon dioxide (SiO2·nH2O)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Limonite (an FeO(OH)·nH2O mineraloid, not a true mineral due to variable composition)

Coal (most likely Bituminous or Anthracite)

Coal (primarily composed of carbon with varying amounts of other elements)

Pumice (Volcanic Rock)

Vesicular volcanic rock (composed largely of amorphous volcanic glass)

Pumice

Pumicite (Amorphous glass with varying chemical composition, often rhyolitic)

Golden Sheen Obsidian

Obsidian (volcanic glass) with inclusions of gas bubbles and mineral crystals (e.g., hematite, magnetite) causing the sheen

Iron Slag

Ferrous Slag (complex silicate and oxide byproduct)

Ironstone (likely Ferruginous Siltstone/Sandstone)

Ferruginous sedimentary rock (FeOx-rich clastic)

Laterite (iron-rich nodule, possibly Bauxite as a subtype)

Laterite (composed of various minerals including goethite, hematite, gibbsite, etc.)

Dendritic Agate (or Dendritic Opal)

SiO2 (for Agate), SiO2·nH2O (for Opal)

Bouncy Ball (Synthetic Rubber Polymer)

Polybutadiene / Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)

Slag

Anthropogenic Vitrification Product / Silicate Slag

Tektite (likely Australite)

Tektite (no specific chemical formula as it's a natural glass of variable composition, mostly SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, MgO, CaO, K2O, Na2O, TiO2)

Chert

Chert (variant of microcrystalline quartz)

Amber

Fossilized tree resin (not a true mineral as it is organic and amorphous); Chemical formula is highly variable, but often approximated as C10H16O.

Obsidian

Obsidian (volcanic glass)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite or Calcite) and Conchiolin

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (predominantly SiO2 – Silicon Dioxide, but non-crystalline)

Pumice

Pumice (a highly vesicular extrusive igneous rock, primarily amorphous silica)

Limonite (Iron Ore/Hydrated Iron Oxide)

Limonite (mixture of FeO(OH)·nH₂O minerals, mainly Goethite, FeO(OH) and Lepidocrocite, FeO(OH))

Chalk

CaCO3 (primarily Calcium Carbonate), biogenic sedimentary rock

Amber (Black)

Amber (succinite, retinite, etc., specifically, heavily included/dark varieties)

Laterite

Laterite (primarily composed of hydrated oxides of iron and aluminum)

Fossil Coral

Fossilized Scleractinia or Tabulata (various genera/species)

Wood Beads (Palmwood/Ebony)

Various species for wood, but often refers to woods like Palmwood (e.g., Borassus flabellifer) or Ebony (Diospyros spp.) for their distinctive grain and hardness.

Brick

Fired clay or Ceramic material (no specific mineralogical scientific name as it's a composite)

Clay (as a rock-forming material)

Clay minerals (e.g., Kaolinite group, Smectite group, Illite group, Chlorite group)

Scoria

Scoria (a vesicular basalt or andesite)

Smoky Quartz

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Goldstone

N/A (Synthetic Glass with Copper Inclusions)

Pumice

Pumice (volcanic rock)

Coal (most likely Bituminous or Anthracite)

Bituminous Coal (Grade of Coal), Anthracite (Grade of Coal)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Hydrous Iron Oxide (goethite, lepidocrocite)

Dark Igneous Rock (Likely Basalt or Diabase)

Basalt (extrusive igneous rock) or Diabase (intrusive igneous rock - also known as Dolerite), largely composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene (augite), and sometimes olivine and amphibole. Exact mineralogy would require thin section analysis.

Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

Banded Iron Formation

Limonite

Hydrous Iron Oxide (often Goethite FeO(OH), Lepidocrocite γ-FeO(OH), and other amorphous iron oxyhydroxides)

Vesicular Basalt

Basalt (Extrusive Igneous Rock)

Scoria (Basaltic)

Vesicular Basalt

Crushed Stone (Basalt/Gabbro)

Mafic Igneous Rock (primarily Plagioclase and Pyroxene)

Vesicular Basalt (or Scoria)

Basalt (Aphanitic-Vesicular Mafic Igneous Rock)

Scoria

Vesicular Basalt / Scoria

Pumice

Pumice (a highly vesicular volcanic rock)