Anthropogenic (Man Made Industrial Deposit)

Diamond (or Simulant)

Carbon (C) or Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2)

Slag

Anthropogenic Vitreous Silicate / Ferro-silicate Slag

Efflorescence (on Clay Brick)

Crystalline salt deposits (typically Sodium Sulfate Na2SO4, Calcium Carbonate CaCO3, or Potassium Sulfate K2SO4)

Vesicular basalt (weathered scoria)

Scoriaceous basalt; chiefly plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine, and iron-titanium oxides

Tumbled milky quartz

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂)

Titanium Amethyst Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Titanium/Metal Vapor Deposition Layer

Blue-green cabochon, likely chalcedony or treated glass imitation

Cryptocrystalline quartz (chalcedony/possibly chrysoprase); identification uncertain from image

Blue Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (SiO2 with inclusions)

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant)

Carbon (C)

Chert (often called Flint in archaeological contexts)

Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Silica (SiO2)

Diamond Druzy (Crystalline Diamond)

Carbon (C)

Rock crystal (clear quartz), possibly cloudy quartz

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Goldstone (Red)

Aventurine Glass (SiO2 + Cu)

Diamond

Diamond (pure carbon C)

Likely flint (chert) fragment

Chert, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Synthetic Resin (Artificial Specimen)

Polyurethane or Polyester Resin

Cobalt Blue Slag Glass

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (anthropogenic) with Cobalt additives

Blue Crackle Quartz (Dyed Quarzite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial dye

Dyed Blue Agate (Dragon Vein Agate)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial cobalt/organic dyes

Dyed Aura Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metallic coating

Diamond (faceted)

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Granite with Cupules / Bedrock Mortars

Granite (felsic intrusive plutonic rock)

Synthetic Convention Badge (Plastic/PVC)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) / Polycarbonate

Possible tektite or iron-rich slag-like natural specimen

Uncertain; possibly natural glass (tektite) or magnetite-rich rock

Opalite

Synthetic glass (SiO2 + metal additions)

Chert (Arrowhead Artifact)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Raw quartz crystal

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), likely milky or included quartz

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Diamond (as set in a gold ring)

Carbon (C)

Colorless quartz crystal (likely quartz fragment)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Opalite

Synthetic Opalised Glass

Green sea glass (likely)

Man-made glass, likely soda-lime silicate glass; not a natural mineral or rock

Obsidian (likely black volcanic glass)

Obsidian; primarily amorphous volcanic silica glass, approximately SiO₂-rich rhyolitic composition

Blue gemstone cross pendant

Likely faceted blue topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂); identification is uncertain from the image

Tumbled blue chalcedony (possibly blue agate)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; chalcedony variety

Opalite-style pendant (likely synthetic glass, not natural opal)

Opalescent glass; commonly sold as “opalite” (not a recognized mineral species)

Green glassy mineral specimen, likely rough emerald or green fluorite

Tentatively beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈), emerald variety; synthetic/man-made glass cannot be excluded from the photograph

Iron-rich slag or weathered ironstone fragments

Probably hematite–goethite material; possibly industrial iron slag (Fe₂O₃/FeO(OH))

Corundum (Sapphire variant)

Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)

Diamond (in Jewelry)

Carbon (C)

Fossilized gastropod (likely nerite or related sea snail)

Gastropoda; shell composed originally of aragonite/calcite, commonly replaced or infilled by calcite